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A detailed analysis of inventory management and cost of goods sold (cogs) for a company over a 3-year period from 2018 to 2020. It compares the impact of using the average cost method versus the fifo (first-in, first-out) method on the company's financial statements, including the income statement and statement of retained earnings. The inventory balances, cogs, and the resulting net income under both costing methods. It also highlights the cumulative difference in retained earnings between the two methods. This comprehensive analysis can be useful for students and professionals studying accounting, finance, or operations management to understand the implications of inventory costing methods on a company's financial performance and decision-making.
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Persediaan Beban Pokok Penjualan Rata-rata FIFO Rata-rata FIFO 1-Jan-18 - - 1-Jan-18 - - 31-Dec-18 300 240 31-Dec-18 2,400 2, 31-Dec-19 600 720 31-Dec-19 3,000 2, 31-Dec-20 960 1,170 31-Dec-20 3,390 3, Laporan Laba Rugi Metode Persediaan: Rata-rata 2018 2019 2020 Penjualan 12,000 13,000 12, Beban pokok penjualan - 2,400 - 3,000 - 3, Beban Administrasi & Penjualan - 3,000 - 4,000 - 3, Laba Tahun Berjalan 6,600 6,000 5, Laba Tahun Berjalan Persediaan FIFO Perbedaan Jurnal Awal Tahun 2020 2018 6,600 6,540 - 60 Persediaan 2019 6,000 6,180 180 Saldo Laba Awal 2020 12,600 12,720 120 Total 2020 5,610 5,700 90 Laporan laba rugi Penyajian ulang 2019 2020 Penjualan 13,000 12, Beban Pokok Penjualan - 2,820 - 3, Beban Administrasi & Penjualan - 4,000 - 3, Laba Tahun Berjalan 6,180 5, Laporan Saldo Laba (FIFO) 2018 2019 2020 Saldo Laba Awal - 6,540 12, Laba Tahun Berjalan 6,540 6,180 5, Saldo Akhir 6,540 12,720 18, Laporan Saldo Laba 2019 2020 Saldo laba awal 6,600 12, Penyesuaian karena metode persediaan - 60 - Saldo awal disajikan kembali 6,540 12, Laba tahun berjalan (FIFO) 6,180 5, Saldo Akhir Laba 12,720 18,
Saldo Laba Penjualan Beban Admin & Penjual Rata-rata 2018 12,000 2018 3, 1-Jan-18 - 2019 13,000 2019 4, 31-Dec-18 6,600 2020 12,000 2020 3, 31-Dec-19 12, 31-Dec-20 18, Metode Persediaan: FIFO 2018 2019 2020 Penjualan 12,000 13,000 12, Beban pokok penjualan - 2,460 - 2,820 - 3, Beban Administrasi & Penjualan - 3,000 - 4,000 - 3, Laba Tahun Berjalan 6,540 6,180 5, 120 Saldo Laba 120 Laporan Saldo Laba (rata-rata) 2018 2019 2020 Saldo Laba Awal - 6,600 12, Laba Tahun Berjalan 6,600 6,000 5, Saldo 31 Desember 6,600 12,600 18, Perbedaan kumulatif dihitung: Saldo Laba awal 2018 dengan metode FIFO 6, Saldo Laba awal 2018 dengan metode rata-rata 6, Perbedaan kumulatif - 60