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A comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts in human anatomy, physiology, and chemistry. It covers the study of body structure and function, the chemical processes that occur within the body, and the systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. Topics such as the metric system, the levels of organization in the human body, the role of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, the structure and function of cells, and the basic principles of chemistry, including elements, compounds, and chemical reactions. By studying this document, students can gain a solid understanding of the scientific foundations of human biology and develop the knowledge and skills necessary for further study in fields such as medicine, nursing, and allied health sciences.
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The study of body structure is - ANSWER- anatomy The study of body function is - ANSWER- physiology The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the body makes up - ANSWER- metabolism A state of internal balance in the body is known as - ANSWER- homeostasis A group of organs working together for the same general purpose make up a(n) - ANSWER- system The measurement system used in science is the - ANSWER- metric system Which is the most suitable field of study for an anatomist? - ANSWER- the structure of the stomach There are numerous levels of organization in the body. The correct order from simplest to most complex is - ANSWER- cell, tissue, organ, system, organism Anatomy is to form as physiology is to - ANSWER- function Which system is comprised of bones and joints? - ANSWER- skeletal system A reaction in which simple compounds are assembled into more complex compounds is most accurately describes as a(n) - ANSWER- anabolic reaction Which example illustrates negative feedback? - ANSWER- a rise in blood calcium levels stimulates release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels Which term means closer to the body's midline? - ANSWER- medial A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is the - ANSWER- frontal plane Which organ is NOT in the abdominopelvic cavity? - ANSWER- lung Which abdominal region is most inferior and medial? - ANSWER- hypogastric region Which anatomic adjective describes the anterior thigh? - ANSWER- femoral
Anatomy is to form as physiology is to - ANSWER- function The basic units of all life are - ANSWER- cells Blood, lymph, and the fluid surrounding cells are examples of this type of fluid - ANSWER- extracellular The cavity below the abdominal cavity is the - ANSWER- pelvic cavity The ------ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. - ANSWER- diaphragm When sensory receptors detect changes in the external environment, -- ---- are transmitted along nerves to the brain. - ANSWER- electrical signals The lymphatic system aids in the absorption of - ANSWER- dietary fats The prefix that means "outside of, beyond" is - ANSWER- extra- The word part -stasis is best described as - ANSWER- constant Specialized groups of cell working together for the same general purpose from - ANSWER- tissue In location, the nose --- is to the eyes - ANSWER- inferior Normal body function maintains a state of internal balance called - ANSWER- homeostasis In the word physiology, -logy is an example of a word part called a (n) - ANSWER- study of In the opening case study, Mike's intra-abdominal hemorrhage is in the -- body cavity - ANSWER- abdominal One of the systems that control and coordinate other systems - ANSWER- nervous system The system that brings needed substances to the body tissues - ANSWER- cardiovascular system The system that converts foods into a from that body cells can use - ANSWER- digestive system The outermost body system - ANSWER- integumentary system
Eggs, hamburgers, yogurt, and fish filets all contain mainly this type of organic compound. - ANSWER- protein The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of ---- in the nucleus of each of its atoms. - ANSWER- protons The ----- of an element is the number of electrons lost or gained by atoms in chemical reactions. - ANSWER- valence The dissolving substance in a mixture is known as the - ANSWER- solvent What accounts for the different atomic weights between varying forms of the same element? - ANSWER- The different number of neutrons in the nucleus An enzyme is a - ANSWER- protein Cholesterol is a type of - ANSWER- steroid The saying "oil and water don't mix" literally refers to what type of mixture? - ANSWER- suspension Catalysts - ANSWER- speed the rate of chemical reactions Mrs. Lyambo brings her daughter to the emergency department bc she found the toddler had eaten a full bottle of baby aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) with a can of cola. The girl appears listless and unresponsive, & had not vomited since eating the aspirin. Doctors order blood test immediately bc their biggest fear is that the child might. - ANSWER- develop acidosis What elements do you associate with each of the following items? Milk, spinach, pennies - ANSWER- Ca, Fe, Cu Which element makes up the greatest percentage of body weight? - ANSWER- oxygen The atomic number of ion is 26. How many protons does ion have? - ANSWER- 26 What bond forms between two atoms that share their electrons equally? - ANSWER- Nonpolar bond Which term best describes the sodium ion (Na+)? - ANSWER- Electrolyte Which chemical is not a compound? - ANSWER- 02 Which term describes a substance that dissolves another substance? - ANSWER- Solvent
Which substance is termed the universal solvent? - ANSWER- Water Which substance always accepts hydrogen ions? - ANSWER- A base Which substance always has a pH below 7? - ANSWER- An acid Which substance is most important in maintaining a relatively constant pH in body fluids? - ANSWER- A buffer A form of an element that differs in tits atomic weight from others forms of that same element is a(n) - ANSWER- Isotope Which element is the basis of organic chemistry? - ANSWER- Carbon Which organic compound catalyses metabolic reactions? - ANSWER- Enzyme Which organic compound is used to store genetic information? - ANSWER- Nucleotide A substance that has a name ending in -ase is most likely a(n)? - ANSWER- Enzyme An acid can be defined as - ANSWER- a chemical substance capable of donating hydrogen ion (H+) to another substance Bases can be defined as - ANSWER- chemical substances that usually contain a hydroxide ion (OH-) and can accept a hydrogen ion Slats are - ANSWER- formed by a reaction between an acid and a base Protons are - ANSWER- positively charged electrical particles A substrate is - ANSWER- the substance on which a given enzyme works The bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another is called a(n)
The nucleus is called the cell's control center because it contains the - ANSWER- chromosomes Where in the cell does ATP synthesis occur? - ANSWER- mitochondria The movement of solute from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration is called - ANSWER- diffusion A DNA sequence reads: TGAAC. What is its mRNA sequence? - ANSWER- ACTTG Rupture of red blood cells placed in a hypotonic Solution is called - ANSWER- hemolysis Which microscope of most commonly used in laboratories? - ANSWER- compound light microscope What is the main substance of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER- Phospholipid Which organelle generates ATP? - ANSWER- Mitochondrion Which process uses transporters but not ATP? - ANSWER- Facilitated diffusion Which method transports bulk amounts of material into the cell using vesicles? - ANSWER- endocytosis Cells crenate when they are placed in solutions that are - ANSWER- Hypertonic Which DNA nucleotide pairs with adenine? - ANSWER- Thymine Which RNA is transcribed from DNA? - ANSWER- Messenger RNA What is synthesized during translation? - ANSWER- Protein During which phase of mitosis at chromosomes first visible? - ANSWER- Prophase Which of the following is a cancer risk factor? - ANSWER- A family history of cancer Which of the following aids is moving water through the plasma membrane? - ANSWER- aquaporin Peroxisomes break down toxic substance such as? - ANSWER- alcohol The word root phag/o means - ANSWER- to eat Small projections of the plasma membrane that aid in absorption of materials are - ANSWER- microvilli
If a cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to - ANSWER- divide Which of the following organelles is NOT involved in destruction of harmful substances?
Movement of material through a semipermeable membrane under mechanical force - ANSWER- flagellum Any chemical that causes cancer - ANSWER- carcinogen "Explosion" of a red blood cell - ANSWER- hemolysis This nitrogen base in DNA is abbreviated as "G" - ANSWER- guanine Six characteristics of life shown by cell - ANSWER- Organization Metabolism Responsiveness Homeostasis Growth Reproduction