From Hispanic Hegemony to Current World Order: International Systems and Realignments, Slides of History

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Lecture 29:

The International Realignment?

Structure of Lecture 29:

• A NEW LECTURE, A NEW TOPIC

• International Systems in History
• International Realignment after the Cold War
• International Realignment after 911
• International Realignment after the Iraqi War
• Conclusion –
  • Who are the Playmakers?
  • Project for the New American Century (PNAC)

Definition of International System

• Distribution of Power Among

Nation States

• Alliances and Counter-alliances
• Guiding Principles Forging the

Alliances and Counter-alliances

• Stability of the System

Revision:

World Systemic Transformation

• 1815-1870: Balance of Power System

Vs

• 1870-1914: Bismarkian System

Vs

• 1918-1939: Interwar System
• 1945-1991: Bipolar System

Vs

The English Hegemony

(1589-1689)

• Hegemony: England
• Alliance: Netherlands, Protestantism
• Challenger: France
• Achievements:
  • Expansion of British Capitalism
  • Establishment of New Religious Centers
• Basis of Power: Merchants and Capitalism
• Fall of Power: The Glorious Revolution (1689)

The French Hegemony

(1689-1815)

• Hegemony: France
• Alliance: Spain + Bourbon Monarchs
• Challengers: England, Prussia, Austria, Russia
• Achievements:
  • Louis XIV as the Sun King
  • Palace Culture of Versailles
  • Expansion of the French Model by Napoleon and the Napoleonic Empire
• Basis of Power: Military + Resources
• Fall of Power: Defeat of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna (1815)

The British-German Rival (I)

(1871-1918)

• Camp A: Britain + France + Russia + Japan + USA [ Triple Entente ]
• Camp B (Challengers): Germany + Italy + Austria
  • Ottoman Turkey [ Triple Alliance ]
• Basis of Camp A Alliance: Maintenance of Status Quo
• Basis of Camp B Alliance: Saturation of Colonialism by Camp A (the very new and very old powers as the losers)
• Nature of Competition: Colonies, Resources and National Pride
• End of Rival: WWI (1914-1918)

The British-German Rival (II)

(1918-1945)

• Camp A: Britain + France + USA + USSR

[ Allies ]

• Camp B (Challengers): Germany + Italy +

Japan [ Axis ]

• Basis of Camp A Alliance: Maintenance of

Status Quo

• Basis of Camp B Alliance: Extremism and

Rightist Movements

• Nature of Competition: Ideology + Military
• End of Rival: WWII (1941-1945)

PART II

International

Realignment

after the Cold War

New Rule of World Order

• Bankrupt of Communism
  • Direct Renunciation: Russia + CIS
  • Indirect Renunciation: China
    • Cuba
• Rule of Capitalism
• Globalization or

“Westerniztion”?

• Polarization or

Standardization?

NATO Expansion

• North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO)

• Original Members: USA +

Canada + Western Europe +

Turkey

• New Members: Eastern and

Central Europe

• “Observer”: Russia

EU Expansion

• European Union
• Gainers and Losers in the EU
  • Franco-German Axis
  • Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
  • The “Euro-Pact” and the “Non-Euro-

Pact”

• The Uniqueness of Britain
• New Members: Eastern Europe
• The Debate of “New Europe” Vs “Old

Europe”

• London-Madrid-Prague-Warsaw Axis?

Pax Americana (I) (1991-2001)

• Hegemony: USA
• Alliance: England + Europe (West and

East)

• Challengers: Russia + China + Islam
• Achievements:
  • Rule of American Capital
  • Informal Influence of USA Everywhere
  • Cultural Hegemony: Hollywood, McDonald and others
• Basis of Power: Capitalism + Military +

Diplomacy

PART III

International

Realignment

after 911

(refer to

previous lectures)