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The relationship between political engagement and aid distribution in a community context. The study compares the political engagement of recipients and non-recipients of aid in terms of community work, barangay events, and political campaigns. The findings suggest that while there is no significant difference in political engagement through community work and barangay events, there is a significant difference in political campaigns.
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The Influence of Aid Distribution on the Political Engagement of the Residents of Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City A Research Study Presented to College of Education and Liberal Arts PHINMA Araullo University Cabanatuan City In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Data Submitted By: Abobo, Dione Kayean C. Arquero, Prince Edrian S. Dela Cruz, Traci Anne C. Garcia, Charlie R. Pace, Apple Jene S. Tapang, Marishiela S. October 2023
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses and presents the significance of the study supported by a wide array of related pieces of literature anchored to a theoretical framework transformed into a conceptual paradigm that would provide readers with a scholarly background of the variables and their relationships being studied. Background of the Study Political engagement are important indicators of the health and quality of democracy in a society. Political engagement refers to the degree of interest, knowledge, and involvement that citizens have in political issues and processes (Bournemouth University, 2021). One factor that has received relatively little attention in the literature is the role of government assistance or welfare programs in shaping political engagement. According to Lawinsider (2019), government assistance or welfare programs are policies or actions that provide material or non-material benefits to citizens, such as cash transfers, food subsidies, health care, education, housing, or social services. These
politicians who allegedly use the program for personal interests. As individuals pursuing a field of study in political science, it is crucial for us to acquire practical exposure and engage in politics to enhance our understanding and skills in this domain. Moreover, the outcome of this research endeavor will provide a foundational basis for advancing our understanding of the intricate dynamics between politics and the interactions among individuals within a given population. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a study that aims to know the influence of aid distribution on the political engagement of the residents of Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City since this study may provide valuable insights into the relationship between social welfare policies and political engagement in the Philippines. The study may also inform policy makers and practitioners on how to design and implement effective and inclusive assistance programs that can enhance the political engagement of the residents.
Statement of the Problem This study aims to find out the influence of aid distribution on the political engagement of residents of Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. Specifically, it intends to answer the following questions:
discuss the non-participation at any level of society and the underlying motivation behind the action. This research may be beneficial since it navigates how something, such as “aid distribution”, influences the political engagement of the residents of Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan city.
Conceptual Framework Figure 1. Research Paradigm
To the Teachers. This study may serve as a valuable resource for teaching and learning about political science, sociology, and public administration. The study may also offer insights and suggestions on how to foster civic education and awareness among students and encourage them to be active and responsible citizens. To the School Administrators. This study may help them design and implement programs and activities that promote political engagement among their students and staff. The study can also help them evaluate the effectiveness and impact of such programs and activities on their school community. To the Policymakers. The study may provide them with relevant and reliable data on the political engagement of their constituents, especially those who belong to marginalized and vulnerable sectors. The study can also help them identify the needs and preferences of their constituents and formulate policies and programs that address them. To the Government Officials. Elected officials have a great responsibility in ensuring public welfare and the development of a better and progressive society. The
study may provide them with insights on how the distribution of aid can affect the political engagement of the residents in Barangay Bitas, Cabanatuan city. This may help them to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of their social welfare programs and policies, as well as to identify the factors that influence the residents' engagement and satisfaction in the political process. This study can also serve as a basis for developing strategies and interventions that can enhance the political engagement of the residents and foster a more democratic and responsive governance To the Future Researchers. This study may contribute to the existing literature on political engagement in the Philippines, particularly in relation to aid distribution. The study can also provide a basis for further research on other aspects of political engagement and participation, such as political efficacy, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. Scope and Delimitation The scope of this study is to examine the influence of aid distribution on the political engagement of residents of Barangay Bitas, Cabanatuan City. The study
specifically refers to Educational Assistance, DSWD Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situations, and goods that are distributed in the barangay. Barangay Events. These are activities or programs that are organized by or for the residents of a barangay. Barangay events may include cultural festivals, sports competitions, health campaigns, environmental projects, or civic meetings. Community work. The work done by paid or volunteer workers who assist communities in various ways, such as providing services, organizing events, or facilitating communication. Non-Recipient. Refers to the residents of Barangay Bitas who have not received aid for the past 6 months. Recipiency. Recipiency is the state or quality of being a recipient or capable of receiving something. A recipient is a person or thing that receives or is awarded something. For this research, recipiency refers to a person whether they are recipient or not of aid distribution. Recipient. Refers to the residents of Barangay Bitas who received aid for the past 6 months.
Political Campaigns. Political campaign refers to a series of steps done by politicians with the intention of inspiring citizens of a given region to actively participate in politics. Researchers connect the use of help or assistance (aid) in political campaigns to the tactics politicians use to persuade people to participate in politics, frequently in accordance with their wishes, in exchange for obtaining aid or assistance. Political Engagement. Researchers deem political engagement in the context of aid distribution as the proactive participation of people in the provision of aid or assistance, often within the framework of governmental entities or international organizations. A variety of activities, including advocacy and volunteer labor, are included in this participation.
challenges. Through these programs we not only offer assistance but also strengthen the ties that bind our Filipino community together. According to the study Chong et al., (2019), they stated in their research that the impact of a conditional cash transfer program on voter turnout and political preferences had no effect on turnout, party identification, or vote choice in the 2006 presidential election. They argue that the program did not create political clientelism or gratitude, but rather increased political awareness and empowerment among the beneficiaries. Therefore, this research indicates that there is no influence on the aid given to the people when it comes to their political engagement. Beckman and Heckhausen (2018), present the value of incentives energizes behavior: no drive that “pushes” is required because the goal is “pulling” the acting individual. The theories also assume that individuals do not learn stimulus-response connections but instead expectations about relationships (contingencies). This leads to a simple cognitive model of motivation:
motivation as a function of expectancy and value. According to the expectancy times value model, individuals prefer behavioral options which maximize the product of value realized (incentive) and probability of realization (expectancy). The fundamental tenet of incentive theory of motivation is that rewards are crucial in influencing behavior and that people are pulled to their goals as a result, negating the necessity for an outside push. These ideas stress that individuals form expectations of how actions relate to results rather than merely learning stimulus-response patterns. A simple cognitive model of motivation is produced as a result, one that explains how expectation and value influence motivation. Educational Assistance According to Zoleta V. (2023), Educational aid is a form of financial assistance that helps students pay for their tuition and other school-related expenses. There are different types of educational aid, such as scholarships, grants, loans, and tuition installment plans. Some of the benefits of educational aid are:It can
services offered by the AICS are medical, burial, transportation, education, food, and financial assistance for other support services or needs (Department of Social Welfare and Development) The AICS is one of the social welfare and social protection services of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), which is the leader in social protection in the Philippines. The AICS aims to support the recovery of individuals and families who are suffering from unexpected life events or crises by providing them with psychosocial intervention and/or direct financial/material assistance. The AICS program has been enhanced to cater to the increased volume of clients who are affected by the health and socio-economic disruption caused by the crisis. The AICS program follows the guidelines and protocols set by the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) to ensure the safety and well-being of both the clients and the service providers.
Goods as Aid According to Alvarez M. et al (2020), the government gives goods as aid distribution to the residents for several reasons. To help the residents cope with the hardships and challenges caused by the pandemic, such as loss of income, hunger, and health risks. To support the local economy by increasing the demand and consumption of goods and services, especially from small businesses and farmers. To promote social justice and equity by ensuring that everyone has access to basic needs and resources, regardless of their income or status. To maintain social order and stability by preventing social unrest and violence due to frustration and desperation among the residents. Political Engagement According to Pew Research Center (2018), political engagement is a term that refers to the involvement of citizens in public affairs, such as voting, campaigning, protesting, or volunteering for social causes. Political engagement can be influenced by various factors, such as personal interest, education, media exposure, social
