





































Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Indiana Pesticide 3A Exam with verified detailed solutions
Typology: Exams
1 / 45
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Describe !| the !| benefits !| of !| a !| well-maintained !| landscape !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔A !| well-maintained !| landscape !| appeals !| to !| the !| senses !| as !| well !| as !| increases !| property !| value. !| Trees !| store !| energy. !| Plants !| improve !| air !| quality. Damage !| Threshold !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔The !| pest !| density !| or !| plant !| damage !| at !| which !| control !| action !| should !| be !| taken Cultural !| control !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Pest !| management !| which !| relies !| on !| modifying !| something !| we !| would !| do !| any !| way !| to !| help !| reduce !| pest !| populations. !| In !| agriculture, !| could !| include !| modifying !| planting !| or !| harvest !| dates, !| tillage !| changes, !| crop !| rotation, !| etc. !| In !| other !| circumstances, !| sanitation !| is !| an !| important !| cultural !| control !| strategy. Mechanical !| control !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Insect !| pest !| control !| which !| uses !| a !| purpose-built !| mechanical !| device !| or !| hands !| (and !| feet). Biological !| control !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔the !| control !| of !| a !| pest !| by !| the !| introduction !| of !| a !| natural !| enemy !| or !| predator.
Advantages !| and !| Disadvantages !| of !| non-chemical !| control !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔May !| provide !| longer !| and !| more !| permanent !| control !| of !| a !| pest, !| but !| is !| often !| more !| labor !| intensive Advantages !| and !| Disadvantages !| of !| chemical !| control !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Chemical !| control !| is !| effective, !| fast !| acting, !| easy !| to !| apply, !| and !| mostly !| economical. !| However, !| pest !| resistance !| can !| develop !| in !| the !| population. Integrated !| Pest !| Management !| (IPM) !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔An !| agricultural !| practice !| that !| uses !| a !| variety !| of !| techniques !| designed !| to !| minimize !| pesticide !| inputs Steps !| of !| an !| IPM !| program !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Inspect !| plants !| routinely !| to !| identify !| a !| problem !| at !| an !| early !| stage. !| Determine !| if !| the !| problem !| is !| abiotic !| or !| biotic. !| Determine !| if !| treatment !| is !| needed !| based !| on !| the !| damage !| threshold. !| Select !| a !| management !| strategy. Leaves !| and !| needles !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔The !| plants !| food !| production !| via !| photosynthesis !| (capturing !| sunlight !| by !| chloroplasts !| and !| turning !| the !| solar !| energy !| into !| chemical !| energy) Cuticle !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔A !| waxy !| layer !| that !| prevents !| water !| loss, !| guards !| against !| disease, !| and !| repels !| water.
Austrian !| pine !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔coniferous, !| long !| needles !| in !| bunches, !| "feathery" !| appearance, !| larger !| thicker !| cones Blue !| spruce !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔coniferous, !| blue-ish !| needles !| in !| singlets !| all !| around !| the !| stem, !| larger !| thinner !| cones Eastern !| Red !| Cedar !| (Juniper) !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔coniferous, !| needles !| are !| scale-like, !| cones !| look !| like !| blue/purple !| berries Mugo !| Pine !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔More !| shrub-like, !| long !| needles !| all !| around !| the !| stem, !| cones !| on !| terminal !| ends !| of !| branches Black !| Oak !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous !| (drop !| leaves !| in !| autumn/produces !| flowers), !| leaves !| have !| 7-9 !| lobes !| with !| sharp !| ends, !| very !| glossy !| appearance Elm !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| oval !| leaves, !| veins !| prominent, !| jagged !| edges, !| leaf !| base !| is !| asymmetrical. Linden !| (Basswood) !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| heart-shaped !| leaves, !| flowers !| VERY !| identifiable
Red !| Maple !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| three-lobed !| leaves !| that !| come !| to !| a !| point !| with !| two !| smaller !| lobes !| at !| the !| leaf !| base, !| leaves !| turn !| red !| in !| fall Red !| Oak !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| 7-9 !| lobes, !| leaves !| less !| glossy, !| and !| have !| smaller !| indentations !| than !| black !| oak River !| Birch !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| papery/flaky !| bark, !| diamond-shaped !| leaves !| with !| double !| serrated !| edges Sycamore !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| brown !| rough !| bark !| at !| base !| that !| transitions !| to !| a !| smooth !| white !| in !| the !| canopy, !| 3-5 !| lobes, !| very !| wide !| leaves !| (4"-7"), !| pointed !| edges Tulip !| Tree !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| VERY !| distinct !| leaves, !| 4 !| lobes, !| very !| smooth !| edges White !| Ash !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Deciduous, !| (virtually !| extinct !| due !| to !| emerald !| ash !| borer, !| often !| only !| find !| dead !| white !| ash !| snags), !| has !| opposite !| leaves !| (leaves !| shoot !| off !| in !| pairs), !| very !| long !| and !| thinner !| leaves, !| the !| tip !| is !| very !| tapered !| and !| skinny Crabapple !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Alternate !| leaf !| arrangement !| (leaves !| do !| not !| shoot !| off !| in !| pairs !| and !| alternate !| sides), !| oval-shaped !| leaves, !| edges !| are !| serrated, !| single !| red !| berry !| fruit
Define !| "symptoms" !| of !| plant !| injury !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔How !| a !| plant !| "responds" !| to !| a !| pathogen !| or !| disorder !| (usually !| obvious !| in !| visuals !| or !| by !| their !| yield) Define !| "signs" !| of !| plant !| injury... !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Visually !| able !| to !| see !| the !| pathogen !| (white !| powder !| with !| powdery !| mildew) List !| common !| symptoms !| of !| plant !| injury !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Color !| change, !| wilting, !| brown/necrotic !| regions, !| etc. List !| common !| signs !| of !| plant !| injury !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Red !| rust !| on !| leaves !| or !| stems !| (cedar !| apple !| rust), !| white !| powder !| (powdery !| mildew), !| green !| olive !| spots !| (scab) Contrast !| the !| terms !| biotic !| and !| abiotic !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Biotic !| (living) !| pertains !| to !| a !| living !| organism !| that !| is !| suppressing !| plant !| growth !| and !| yield !| (ex: !| fungi, !| bacteria, !| viruses) Abiotic !| pertains !| to !| nonliving !| variables !| that !| affect !| plant !| growth !| and !| yield !| (ex: !| watering, !| temp, !| soil !| pH) List !| common !| biotic !| problems !| of !| landscape !| ornamentals !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Fungi, !| Bacteria, !| Viruses, !| Nematodes
List !| common !| abiotic !| problems !| of !| landscape !| ornamentals !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Temp, !| Soil !| pH, !| Mechanical !| injuries !| (construction, !| weather, !| compaction, !| feeding !| damage !| by !| birds !| and !| mammals !| (but !| NOT !| insects!) List !| three !| components !| of !| the !| disease !| triangle !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔1) !| Pathogen !| (Fungus, !| bacteria, !| virus)
Rhizosphaera !| needlecast !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔New !| Blue !| Spruce !| shoots !| generally !| at !| the !| bottom !| of !| the !| tree !| will !| be !| infected !| but !| do !| not !| show !| signs !| for !| 1-3 !| years. !| As !| the !| infection !| progresses, !| the !| tree !| loses !| needles !| and !| loses !| its !| value !| as !| it !| becomes !| unsightly Galls !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔abnormal !| growths !| of !| plant !| tissue !| in !| response !| to !| organisms !| feeding !| off !| it !| (bacteria, !| fungi, !| nematodes, !| mites, !| and !| insects) !| They !| usually !| do !| not !| affect !| the !| health !| or !| vigor !| of !| the !| plant Iron !| chlorosis !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔a !| yellowing !| of !| plant !| leaves !| caused !| by !| low !| iron !| levels !| in !| a !| plant, !| caused !| by !| many !| types !| of !| environmental !| stresses. !| However, !| it !| is !| typically !| caused !| by !| alkaline !| soil !| (pH !| above !| 7.0), !| compacted !| or !| poorly !| drained !| soil. Stem !| Cankers !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Affects !| the !| twigs, !| branches, !| and !| main !| trunk !| of !| the !| tree. !| Appear !| as !| sunken !| area !| of !| darkened !| tissue !| on !| twigs !| or !| branches. !| Typically !| caused !| by !| fungi !| that !| produce !| fruiting !| bodies !| [those !| which !| contain !| sacs !| of !| spores !| (asci !| or !| conidia)] Contact !| (protectant) !| fungicide !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Act !| as !| a !| chemical !| barrier !| on !| leaf, !| stem, !| or !| flower !| surfaces. !| Must !| be !| applied !| before !| symptoms !| begin !| showing
Systemic !| (penetrant) !| Fungicides !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Penetrates !| the !| plant !| and !| enters !| the !| vascular !| system. !| Non-local !| fungicides !| can !| move !| anywhere !| in !| the !| plant !| (even !| to !| the !| roots). Applied !| at !| the !| very !| beginning !| of !| the !| infection !| to !| stop !| the !| development !| of !| the !| fungus Local !| Systemic !| Fungicide !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔When !| applied !| to !| the !| plant !| foliage, !| the !| fungicide !| is !| taken !| into !| the !| leaf !| and !| enters !| the !| vascular !| system !| but !| does !| not !| travel !| far. How !| is !| the !| fungicide !| application !| timing !| influenced !| by !| the !| host !| plant? !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Applying !| fungicide !| during !| times !| of !| slow !| growth !| is !| ideal. !| If !| the !| host !| plant !| grows !| too !| fast !| most !| of !| the !| new !| shoots !| and !| leaves !| will !| not !| be !| protected. !| If !| applied !| during !| times !| of !| growth, !| use !| shorter !| intervals !| between !| sprays How !| is !| the !| fungicide !| application !| timing !| influenced !| by !| the !| disease !| cycle? !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Fungicides !| must !| be !| applied !| before !| signs !| of !| infection. !| Be !| aware !| that !| overuse !| of !| fungicides !| can !| cause !| fungal !| population !| mutations !| to !| become !| resistant !| to !| the !| fungicides. How !| is !| the !| fungicide !| application !| timing !| influenced !| by !| the !| environmental !| conditions? !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Fungicides !| should !| not !| be !| used !| during !| times !| of !| excessive !| rainfall. !| This !| decreases !| effectiveness. !| If !| used !| during !| a !| time !| as !| such, !| use !| shorter !| intervals !| between !| sprays.
List !| four !| stages !| of !| development !| for !| insects !| that !| undergo !| complete !| metamorphosis !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔1) !| Egg !| Stage
Eastern !| Tent !| Caterpillar !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔- !| Chewed !| or !| tattered !| foliage !| or !| blossoms
Non-residual !| - !| do !| not !| stay !| active !| for !| long !| and !| have !| a !| very !| short !| acting !| period Conventional !| vs !| Biorational !| (Alternative) !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔- !| Conventional !| pesticides !| are !| typically !| synthetic !| materials
Describe !| the !| life !| cycles !| of !| annual, !| biennial, !| and !| perennial !| weeds !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔Annual !| (1 !| year) !| - !| Spring !| - !| germinate, !| Summer !| - !| grow !| and !| reproduce !| seed, !| Winter !| - !| mature !| and !| die Biennial !| (2 !| years) !| - !| Spring !| - !| germinate, !| summer !| - !| first !| vegetative !| state !| produce !| a !| thick !| fleshy !| root !| and !| compact !| cluster !| of !| leaves, !| Second !| season !| - !| produce !| seeds !| mature !| and !| die Perennial !| (>2 !| years) !| - !| Most !| are !| similar !| to !| annuals !| (only !| can !| come !| back !| after !| the !| winter) !| some !| may !| be !| similar !| biennials !| (can !| come !| back !| after !| the !| 2nd !| winter) List !| common !| characteristics !| of !| Grasses !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔- !| Monocot
Summer !| annual !| weeds !| - !| Correct !| answer !| ✔- !| Crabgrass