Impacts on World System: Welcoming the Non-state Actors
Key Terms: non-state actors, non-governmental organizations (NGO), 2-dimensional
world order, 3-dimensional world order, Thirty Years War, Treaty of Westphalia,
Realism/ Neo-Realism, mercantile army, feudalism, hawala
Key Organizations: Al-Qaeda, Green Peace, Mujahedeens, Taliban, Al-Jazeera, US
Office of Counterterrorism, Roman Catholic Church, Unrepresented Nations and
Peoples Organization (UNPO)
Key Persons: Osama Bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Mohammed Atef, Hans
Morgenthau, Kenneth Waltz
Key Places: Afghanistan, Vatican
I. Definition of Non-state Actors
Trans-nationalism, Trans-national Goal and Orientation of NSAs
Quasi-state Structural Organization
NSA Vs NGO: The Ability of “Transfiguration”
II. Organizational Structure of Al-Qaeda
Nature of Al-Qaeda and its Leadership Structure
Diplomatic Capabilities: traditional, untraditional alliances and merger
Financial Capabilities: income, expenditure and the hawala medium
Propaganda Capabilities: two-front propaganda of historicism and modernism
III. Concept of the 2-dimensional (2D) World
The Westphalian World System:
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) and the Treaty of Westphalia
Rise of Nationalism and Absolutism, Decline of Feudalism
Advantage of States over Non-state Actors – Round I
State Development, Nationalism, Technological Revolution…
Horizontal Relationship: the Rule of Realism
Geo-politics/ Oceanic-politics
IV. Concept of the 3-dimensional (3D) World
“Pre-modern” 3D System
Medieval Church, Feudalism, Barbarian and Mercantile Armies
The “Post-Westphalian” World System
Advantage of Non-state Actors over States – Round II
Globalization, Horizontal Mobility and Saturation of State Development…
Vertical + Horizontal Relationship: the Rule of “Pre-emptive Realism”
Virtual-politics/ Sub-conscious-politics
V. Conclusion – Post-911: A Systematic Fight Back from the State-actors
Another nature of the “Anti-Terror Coalition”: States Vs Non-states
Future of Non-state Actors: Growth, Death, or Balance of Power?
Question: (1) Were non-state actors able to plan a large-scale terrorist attack before
911? Why? (2) Will non-state actors be the main player of the future world system?
Main Text: William Wechsler: “Strangling the Hydra – Targeting Al Qaeda’s
Finances” (H&R P.129-143)
Supplementary Text: Louise Richardson: “Terrorists as Transnational Actors.”
Taylor, Max and Horgan, John. Ed. The Future of Terrorism. London: Frank Cass,
2000. P.200-219.
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