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IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON TEACHING
AND LEARNING
Aliyu Rabiu Karmanje (Author) Nazifi Sani Alhassan (Co-Author) Graduate Student, Graduate Student, Computer Science Department, Computer Science Department, Noida International University Noida International University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India aliyukarmanje@gmail.com nalhassansani@gmail.com +919871088939 +
Abstract
In the early years of human civilization education was once acquired one-on-one basis, which requires direct interaction between the teacher and the student, and requires a lot of effort from the student to acquire a small amount of information and henceforth be informed with a little impact. Additionally, during that time there were no enough aiding materials to help in acquiring knowledge like the ones available today. The afore-mentioned reasons make it very hard for individuals to acquire enough knowledge that will facilitate their contribution to the advancement of their societies and the humanity in general. Gradually through the years it started getting easier to assimilate knowledge and as a result formal schools were established, which paves the ground for today’s modern educational system. Today, emergence of new technologies is trying to reshape the way education was long been acquired through the centuries and understanding the ways technology has helped with education and the actual impact it made on education will help us see how crucial technology has become in the modern world education. These new and emerging technologies challenge the long-established practice of teaching and learning, and the way education is managed. To fully understand the impact of technology on education we need to look at it from the perspectives of both teachers and students.
Aim of the study:
The aim of the study is tostate the evolving technologies used in education today and their impacts.
Methodology:
The technique used in this study is analysis of secondary data from related research works and findings from the analyzed data.
Findings:
The finding of this workisthat technology inevitably has a huge impact on the way knowledge is being transferred today, and if the right methodologies are employed a lot can be achieved.
Keywords – Technology in Education, Virtual Reality, Hologram, Gamification
I. Introduction
Technology whether being looked asa method, process or tool involved in production, management or any task. It is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or achievement of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Also, technology is termed as science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools [11]. Education, on the other hand,is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, beliefs or habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research[11].
Employing technology in education involves the utilization of all kind of modern methods, tools and processes for maximizing the experiences of both teachers and learners. Technology in education is termed as one of the prospective means of imparting education effectively and efficiently. In the past, teachers teach in an inflexible ways where education was believed to be a rigorous process of conveying knowledge. Students were silent audiences and are required to memorize what is in the books or what is given by the teachers. At times they may not comprehend what was taught but they were anticipated to reproduce it during examination. Today, students are not regarded as empty vessels to be filled-in with information. And teachers are no more regarded as mere class masters responsible for imparting knowledge at all cost. Students are now prepared to use various media, tools and devices to acquire knowledge from multiple sources. Teachers are also tasked to guide, help and facilitate the student’s learning process with the aid of technology [1].
Many technological advances have changed education within the past few decades. At the same time as technology grows there are many ways that it can be applied to different processes to make impact on the way knowledge is being acquired. Knowing about these and the impact they have on education can explain how essential technology is to education. These different technologies used in teaching and learning processes have a huge impact on the overall education of students and this impact can be seen in today’s schools and students around the world [4].
This paper presents a study of the use of technology in education for both teachers and students, together with some of the evolving technologies and tools that are currently in use today as aiding tools in education.
II. Research Objective
The following are the main objectives of this work:
i. To recognize the increased use of modern technologies in schools and colleges.
those technologies have on the general teaching and learning processes. Data presented by some technology companies are also used to arrive at findings and conclusions in this work.
V. Research Findings
The following are the findings of this research work:
i. With the advent of technologies student-centered and blended learning is achieved in today’s schools. ii. Technologies in learning environment help students to inculcate team work culture. iii. Technologies increase interactive and flexible learning approaches. iv. Technologies make teachers now to become facilitators rather than tutors. v. Teachers easily identify areas ofstrength and weakness of students with the help of right set of technologies. VI. Evolving Technologies
There are certain technologies that have been integrated in the education sector for the past few decades and through thattime they have been evolving, whilst new ones are being embraced to aid in the teaching and learning processes. We will list out some of the most valuable technologies used in education.
Virtual Reality/ Augmented Reality
Virtual reality (VR) in essence is developed to transpose individuals; meaning that, virtual reality gives us the impression that we are at another place different from our physical place. Through closed visors, VR blocks out the room and puts our presence elsewhere. By putting a VR headset over your eyes it will leave you blind to the current world, and expand your senses with experiences inside. Virtual reality can facilitate students at distant places to attend lectures in virtual environments; hence virtual reality allows for mobility and allows students to access their virtual campuses from different locations. The process of virtual reality creates a three- dimensional computer-generated representation of either a real or proposed object or environment; this is why terms like virtual class, virtual labs and their likes are used in conjunction with VR [ 9 ].
Virtual reality and augmented reality have one big thing in common. They both have the remarkable ability to alter our perception of the world they differ is how we perceive our presence. Augmented reality however, takes our current reality and adds something to it. It does not move us elsewhere; rather it simply "augments" our current state of presence, often with clear visors. Augmented reality practically brings components of the digital world into a person's perception of the real world, through the integration of immersive sensations that are perceived as natural parts of one’s environment.
Cloud Technology, Distance Learning and MOOCs
Cloud technology (cloud computing) is an information technology model that enables omnipresentaccess to collective pool of resources and higher level services that can be rapidly provisionedwith minimal management effort, often over the Internet. Cloud computing relies on sharingof resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale[ 11 ].Distance educationordistancelearning is the education of students who may not always or at all be physically present ataschool. Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the studentcorrespondedwith the school via posts. Today it involves online education in whichcourses that areconductedare either hybrid, blended or 100% distance learning. Massive open online courses(MOOCs), offering large-scale interactive participation and open access through the web or other networktechnologies, are recent developments in distance education [ 10 ].The Massive Open OnlineCourse (MOOC) teaching format has its roots in the methodology of the Open Universityand the technological platforms of online courses [ 8 ].
Fig 1: Cloud Technology [ 11 ] Both Distance learning and MOOCs use cloud technologies where students’ interaction in the context of online courses forms the foundation of the learning community. The main objective is the shared involvement in the online course itself, where sharing of information, materials, interests, and resources are part of the online education [8]. Most courses that aim to achieve collaborative distance learning rely on a grouping of technologies, such as online lectures, interactive whiteboards, personal devices, cameras, multimedia, collaborative learning softwares, instructional games, and conferencing tools. They also use social media as a critical tool for collaboration and promoting high interactive and personalized learning. Cloud technology enableseducational institutions to have enough space
Foldit – is developed at University of Washington for scientific research by exploring virtual designs. Duolingo - used for learning foreign languages. Codecademy – developed through crowdsourcing and available for several programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, jQuery, HTML, CSS, Ruby, Learn, and PHP.
Holograms
3D Holography Technology (3DHT) is tied with VR and AR, and its application on education can be seen in different forms. Holograms allow students to be taught by a "virtual teacher" who could be many miles away from the physical classroom, where the teacher appears to be in the classroom, and can see deliver a lecture to the students as if they were all in the same room. Another application of 3DHT is in promoting history education where famous characters are brought back to life again from the past, in their holographic images, and they can explain topics and answer questions to their audience. For instance, in Seoul's Alive Gallery Project, hologram technology brings 62 world-renowned masterpieces of Western art to life again. In this project we can see the Mona Lisa answering questions from students, such as "Why don't you have any eyebrows?" she is answering, "When I was alive, a woman who had big forehead was considered a beauty … so most women had their eyebrows taken off for beauty" [2].
In a research conducted about the applicability of 3DHT for distance learning the researcher found out that at least 30% of their respondents believe that 3DHT classrooms enhances the real- time experience of students in both practical and theoretical subjects. The data is represented below [7].
Fig 2: Perceived benefits of 3D Hologram based classroom VII. Conclusion
In this paper we discussed some of the significance and impacts that technology is having on education, we have seen the changes that have been brought by technology in teaching and learning processes. Also we have seen how technology was initially introduced into education and how through the years it has transformed the way knowledge was transmitted from teachers to students. Thus, the combination of technology and education has been considered the main
key to advancement with a huge impact on development and the progression of the human civilization. Hence, technology aids education which in turn forms the basis for innovations in technology. Apart from the trending technologies we have discussed, many other technologies are currently being used in education, among which areBiometric, Big Data, Learning Analytics, Artificial Intelligence, 3D printing, and their likes.
Therefore we can conclude that, technology is constantly changing, and as technology changes, so its impact on education will; and this impact can be seen in schools around the world. Technology is a part of the modern world, and is becoming more and more omnipresent in different fields of education and is a proven method for improving teaching and learning. Nevertheless, researches should be carried out on how to focus technology towards student centered learning and on how technology can cater for students with special needs, those at risk and those that cannot afford formal schooling.
