Immunology Integrated Learning Activity (ILA)-Medicine, Study notes of Medicine

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3/12/25, 1:37 PM about:blank Immunology ILA Immunology ILA Case: Mrs Walsh is a 32 year old secondary school teacher and mother of 2 children. Around 3 years ago she noticed ‘that some of her fingers became white in colour and numb when she was out in cold weather or putting food in the freezet. She did some research on the internet and found that ‘Raynaud’s phenomenon’ matched her symptoms — the websites suggested that a pair of warm gloves would help and the busy Mum decided she didn't need to bother her GP. 6 months ago she noticed feeling very tired and struggled to keep up with her ‘marking, At the same time she noticed her hands and wrists felt stiff when she woke up and she was taking a while to ‘get going” in the morning, Putting her symptoms down to stress, she booked a sunshine holiday for her family in Spain, However, whilst on holiday she developed a red rash on her face which covered both cheeks and the bridge of her nose. The rash was not painful or itchy, bu she still felt very tired and her joints felt much worse than they had done previously. She presented to her GP when she returned to the UK. On examination the GP noted a malar rash on the face and a temperature of 380C, but normal hand and wrist joints with no obvious swelling or deformity. Following investigations, Mrs Walsh was diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Enythematosus and prescribed prednisolone. ‘Leaming Objectives; 1. Describe the differences between the innate and adaptive immune system, whilst defining the following terms: a) Tell (cytotoxic, helper and regulatory) b) Beell ©) NKeell 4) Complement ©) Cytokines (interferons, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor) 1) Immunoglobulins g) Major Histocompatibility Complex 2. Explain how the immune system recognises and launches an attack against a foreign antigen. Explain how the immune system would respond to encountering an antigen a second time (you may use immunisation as a model) 3. Describe the types of hypersensitivity, including the parts of the immune system which plays the key role, the mechanisms involved and common diseases which result. 4, Describe how the following drugs regulate the immune system and briefly outline their use and importance clinically: a) Prednisolone b) Azathioprine ©) Cyclosporin 4) Infliximab ©) Rituximab 5. Explain what is meant by an autoimmune disease and explain the pathophysiology of Mrs Walsh’s symptoms. 6. Outline some causes of immunodeficiency 1/22