Latin America's Complex History and Relations with the USA: Before and After 9/11, Slides of History

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Lecture 26:

Ignored Latin American Terrorism,

Ignored Latin America

21 st^ April 2003 (Monday)

Week 10: “Third World”

• The “Three Worlds Theory” by Mao
  • First World: USA, USSR
  • Second World: Other Developed Countries
  • Third World: The Rests (“Developing Countries”)
• Modifications of the Three Worlds Theory
  • First World: USA and the Capitalist Bloc
  • Second World: USSR and the Communist Bloc
  • Third World: China + Asia, Africa, Latin America

PART I

Introduction to Latin America

and Its Relationship with USA

“Latin America”

• Geographical Division:
  • North America (Canada, USA, Mexico)
  • South America
  • Central America
• Cultural Division:
  • Anglo-Saxon America (Canada, USA)
    • (Mainly) Former Colonies of Britain
    • Descendants of Anglo-Saxons
  • “Latin” America (Mexico, Central America, South America)
    • Former Colonies of Spain and Portugal
    • Descendants of Native Americans + Hispanic Ethnicities

American Imperialism in

Latin America

• USA as the Backstage of Right-wing

Dictators in Latin America

• President Batista of Cuba
• President Augusto Pinochet of Chile
• The Samoza Family of Nicaragua
• “Backyard of the USA”
• Economic Backyard
• Political and Military Buffer Zone between USA and Other Great Powers

Challengers against USA

• Cuba (1959- )
  • President Fidel Castro and Communism
  • Cuban Missile Crisis (1963) and JFK
  • The Hundreds CIA Attempts of Assassination……
• Nicaragua (1979-1990)
  • The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)
• Chile (1973)
  • The CIA Coup against Elected, Socialist President Salvador Allende
• ……

Image of Latin America

• Football
  • Brazil, Argentina,

Uruguay and World Cup

• The Politics of Football in

Latin America

• Secrets behind the

Argentine 1978

Championship

• Drugs
  • Terrible Stories of

Medellin, Colombia

Correlation between

Football and Drugs

• Football Gambling and

Drug Tycoons

• Colombian Goalkeeper

“Madman” Rene Higuita

and Triads

• 1990: The Murder of

Colombian “OG Defender”

Andres Escobar

Original Nature of

“Left-wing Terrorism”

• Rulers of Latin America:
  • Right-wing Dictators
  • Pro-American “Democratic” Countries
• Anti-governmental Activities in Latin America - Left-wing Movements/ Guerillas against the Rightists - International “Proxy Support” from the Leftists (Cuba, USSR, China, “Internationalists” like Che Guevera…)

Peru – The Shining Path

• Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)
• Abimael Guzman (“Comrade Conzalo”)
  • Professor of Philosophy – the “Terrible Professor”
• Founded 1970
• Goal:
  • To Create a “New State of Workers and Peasants”
  • Great Leap Forward, Collectivization…
• Strategy:
  • From Great Disorder to Great Order
• The Loyal/ Last Believer of Maoism

Colombian Nacro-Guerillas

• The Rule of Colombian Government:
  • President Alvaro Uribe
  • Effective Rule Only in Main Cities like Bogota
• The Rule of Nacro-Guerillas
  • Rule of the Drug Cartels
  • Effective Rule of Slumps/ Decaying Towns like Medellin
  • “Protector” of “Local Economy”
• Nacro-Guerillas + Anti-Right-Wing Governmental Movement  - = Enemy of USA = “Enemy of Peace” - = “Terrorism” Docsity.com

Assigned Readings

• Main Text:
  • Noam Chomsky. Rogue States: the Rule of Force in World Affairs. New York: South End Press, 2002. Chapter 5: Plan Colombia. P.62-81.
• Supplementary Text:
  • Gordon McCormick. “The Shining Path and Peruvian Terrorism.” David Rapoport Ed. Inside Terrorist Organizations. London: Frank Cass, 2001. P.109-128.

“Butterfly Diplomacy”

• Body of the Butterfly:
  • North America, Central America and South America
• Left Wing of the Butterfly:
  • Asian-Pacific Allies (Japan, Australia, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore…)
• Right Wing of the Butterfly:
  • European Allies (NATO + EU)
• Target of the Butterfly:
  • China, Russia, Middle East
• Bush’s Initial Foreign Policy: Latin America as his “Top Priority” (2000)

South American Financial Crisis

• Worldwide Financial Crisis
  • Bangkok  Indonesia  USA  South America  Vicious Cycles…
• Foreign Exchange Devaluation
• The Controversial Roles of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• From Financial Crises to Political Crises