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Types of charts:
- Line graph
- Bar chart
- Pie chart(s)
- Table
- Maps
- Flowchart/ Diagram Category: Dynamic charts: biểu đồ động Static charts: biểu đồ tĩnh Maps: bản đồ Process: quy trình Mixed- charts: biểu đồ kết hợp
DYNAMIC CHARTS (WITH TIMELINE)
INTRODUCTION TO WRITING TASK 1
I. Time: You should allow 20 minutes for Task 1. Divide your time as follows: Total time 20 minutes Step 1 Plan 5 minutes Step 2 Write 12 minutes Step 3 Revise 3 minutes II. Length: You must write at least 150 words. You can write more. (160-190)
- 9 – 11 sentences:
- 1 introduction sentence.
- 2 overview sentences.
- 3-4 sentences for body 1.
- 3-4 sentences for body 2.
- A conclusion is not necessary in writing task 1 III. Band descriptors: Task Response/ Task Achievement: 6 Coherence & Cohesion: 6 Lexical Resource: 6 Grammatical Range and Accuracy: 7 => Overall: 6.25 -> 6. Reading: 7.5 Listening: 7.5 Writing: 6.0 Speaking: 6.0 => Overall: 6.75 -> 7.
1. INTRODUCTION SENTENCE
Example: The chart shows the average number of commuters traveling each day by car, bus or train in the UK between 1970 and 2000.
- The line graph 2. The bar chart
- The pie chart s 4. The table
Example: The line graph below gives information about the consumption of energy in the USA from 1980 to 2010. => The (given/ provided) line graph presents the amount of energy which was consumed in the USA between 1980 and 2010. => The (given/ provided) line graph presents the amount of energy consumed in the USA between 1980 and 2010. consumption (n) -> consume (v) -> passive Relative clause: Active -> Ving Passive-> V
2. Noun Clauses (Mệnh đề danh từ): HOW MANY / HOW MUCH + DANH TỪ + ĐỘNG TỪ Example: The line graph below gives information about the consumption of energy in the USA from 1980 to 2010. => The (given/ provided) line graph presents how much energy was consumed in the USA between 1980 and 2010. 2. OVERVIEW PARAGRAPH
- Trend tăng >< trend giảm
- the highest/lowest number (xếp hạng) Overall, there were upward/ downward trends [in the number of …….and …….], while/and the opposite/same was true for that of ……………. In addition, ……………. was home to the highest quantity of all categories over the period surveyed/ after 1995.
PHRASES:
In general, / Overall,It is noticeable from the chart, ...
As can be seen from the chart that....
It is illustrated from...that...
It is also clear that …
From an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that….
Overall, it is patently obvious that …..
3. BODY 1: 3-4 SENTENCES (DETAILED ANALYSIS)
4. BODY 2: 3-4 SENTENCES (DETAILED ANALYSIS)
Table 1: Xu hướng dao động
NOUN VERB TĂNG Increase -> a dramatic increase Rise Growth (UC) -> dramatic growth Upward trend Surge Increase -> increased dramatically Rise Grow Go up Soar Surge Skyrocket GIẢM Decrease Fall Drop Decline Downward trend Plunge Decrease Fall Drop Decline Go down Plunge Plummet Diminish DAO ĐỘNG fluctuation fluctuate GIỮ NGUYÊN Stability Remain stable Stay unchanged/ Stay intact (maps)
Constant Constantly ÍT, YẾU Slight Minimal Marginal Slow Slightly Minimally Marginally Slowly Lưu ý giới từ đi kèm
1. TO
- (verb) increase/decrease to + số liệu: tăng đến/giảm xuống mức
- (noun) an increase/decrease to + số liệu: e.g: năm 2010: 8,000 -> năm 2015: 10, The number of students increased to 10,000 after 5 years. There was an increase to 10,000 in the number of students after 5 years. 2. BY
- (verb) increase/decrease by + số liệu: tăng thêm/giảm đi bao nhiêu e.g: năm 2010: 8,000 -> năm 2015: 10, The number of students increased by 2,000 after 5 years. 3. AT
- stand at + số liệu: đứng tại mức (vào 1 mốc cố định) E.g: The number of students stood at/ was at 8,000 in 2010.
- remain stable/remained the same at + số liệu: giữ nguyên tại mức E.g: The figure for rice export in Vietnam remained stable at $15 million in 2015.
- (verb) peak at + số liệu: đạt mức cao nhất là bao nhiêu E.g: The amount of electricity produced peaked at 10,000 units in 2000.
4. OF
- reach a peak (Noun)/reach the highest point of + số liệu: đạt lên mức cao nhất là bao nhiêu
- hit a low/hit the lowest point of + số liệu: chạm mức thấp nhất là bao nhiêu E.g: The amount of electricity produced reached a peak of 10,000 units in 2000. 5. AROUND/ BETWEEN …..AND…..
- fluctuate/a fluctuation around + số liệu: biến động trong khoảng E.g: The unemployment rate of Vietnam fluctuated around 10% from 2007 to 2010.
- fluctuate/a fluctuation between… and….: biến động ở mức giữa…. và…. E.g: The unemployment rate of Vietnam fluctuated between 8% and 18% from 2007 to 2010.
Cấu trúc miêu tả xu hướng
The number of students (considerably) increased significantly to approximately 4,000 in 2019.
The year 2019 saw a significant increase in the number of students to nearly 4,000.
A significant increase in the number of students was witnessed to nearly 4,000 in 2019.
**1. take part in = participate in = join = partake/ involve in = engage in
- particular = certain = specific
- the former - the latter
- followed by/ preceding + a/an Adj Noun
- before + Ving adv
- came in second/ third/ last
- at first = at the outset = at the beginning (of)
- over the period surveyed = over the time frame**
MAPS
1. Introduction
[Past] The maps/ plans/ illustrations detail/ illustrate/ present changes/ modifications/
alterations that occurred in ……… (the place) …………. from ……….to ………..
[Present] The maps/ plans/ illustrations detail/illustrate/ present changes/ modifications/
alterations that have occurred in ……… (the place) …………. since …….. to today.
[Future] The illustrations detail plans for the renovation that will occur in ……(the place)
……… in the next …………
2. Overview
It is obvious that the theater became more ………….. with more…………….
Furthermore, the most striking/ noticeable/ notable change was the ………….. and the
only area remaining (mostly) unchanged was the …………..
· Residential – housing units/ apartments/ living quarters
· Industrial – factories/ industries
· Commercial – shopping malls/ supermarkets/ commercial complexes
· modern – advanced facilities/ areas for entertainment (recreation)
3. Body 1 – main features of the old map
Indoor: Top left Top Top Right
Left Right
Bottom left Bottom Bottom right
In the bottom left of …….
To the left/ right of ……………
On the right side,
Outdoor: North-West North North-East
West East
South-West South South-East
STATIC CHARTS
Task 1: The table below shows the average weekly salaries of men and of women working in different occupations. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
1. Introduction sentence
2. Overview:
- Max [professionals - men] >< Min [manual laborers - women]
- the most significant gap /difference/ discrepancy: technicians
- salary in all occupations: men > women
3. Body 1: Men [--Cao nhất – be followed by – thấp nhất --] 1-3-
Starting with men, the amount of salary for professionals stood out as the highest at
2000 dollars. It was followed by ……….., ………… and ……….. with a total of
……., ………. and ……… respectively. Meanwhile, / In the meantime, the
quantity of salary for ………….was only ………………
4. Body 2: Women [Cao nhất (over) – gấp bao nhiêu lần – nearly the same
percentage ---] 1-1-
Turning to/ In relation to/ With regard to…………...., they earned the most in …...,
and the figure for that was ……………... It is interesting to note that the ………...
was around 900 dollars higher than that of …….../ was approximately 2 times as
high as that of ………. / …………….. came in third, taking up ……………… In
addition, / Moreover, ……, ....... and ……. had nearly the same figures (.........).
take up = account for = occupy = constitute: chiếm
PROCESS
Part 1: paraphrasing the essay title:
The diagram/ flow chart describes/ illustrates/demonstrates/presents…. the linear
(circular) process/ procedure of making /manufacturing/ producing …………….
The diagram shows how chocolate is produced.
=> The flow chart illustrates the linear process of making chocolate.
Part 2: an overview (step >< stage)
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that ….
Overall, it is patiently obvious that …..
Overall, there are 9 steps which can be organized into 3 main stages. These include
harvesting ripe red pods (collecting the recycled bottles), followed by processing them
into raw material and finally manufacturing the completed/finished product.
Part 3: Body 1 (passive in present tense)
The process commences/ begins with planting cacao trees and harvesting ripe red pods.
The next stage involves + Ving
Following that, S + V + O
In the subsequent stage,
- Subsequently,
- Then, Next, Thereafter,
The fermented cacao beans are subsequently/then spread and dried under the sun.
Part 4: Body 2
From this point, S + V + O
…………… is the next step, after which …………
Once it has been + V3/ed, …………….
- ban forbid, prohibit, abolish (put an end to an activity) The authorities should prohibit circuses with performing animals. 2. CHANGE THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE 2.1. Active – Passive E.g: The government should ban circuses with performing animals. Transform the sentence into its passive form -> Circuses with performing animals should be banned by the government Transform the sentence into its passive form and replace some words with their synonyms. -> Circuses with performing animals should be prohibited by the authorities. 2.2. Dummy subjects: It is Adj + (for S) + to V S + should + V => It is necessary (for S) + to V S + need to + V => It is important (for S) + to V S + must + V => It is compulsory (for S) + to V It is clear/ obvious/ apparent/ undeniable that S + V E.g: The government should ban circuses with performing animals. It is necessary for the authorities to prohibit circuses with performing animals. 3. CHANGE WORD FORM 3.1. Verb -> Noun Step 1: find the noun form of the verb Step 2: find a complementary verb which is suitable to the meaning of the sentence (check ozdic.com if necessary) Step 3: carefully check whether the noun form is countable or uncountable; if it is a countable noun, put a or an before it; Step 4: find the right preposition after the noun form. Example : harm (v) -> cause (v) + harm (n) -> cause harm (n) (uncountable noun) -> cause harm to Smoking harms our health. => Smoking causes considerable harm to our health. 3.2. Verb -> Adj Step 1: find the adjective form of the verb Step 2: add to be or a linking verb before the adjective Step 3: find the right preposition after the adjective form.
Example: benefit (v) -> beneficial (adj) -> be beneficial to Studying benefits your future career. => Studying is beneficial to your future career.
4. ADVANCED INTRODUCTION: It is widely believed/ acknowledged that… It is true/ clear/ manifest that … People's opinions differ as to [N]/[whether or not…] Trả lời câu hỏi: In my opinion, I completely/ totally agree/disagree with the statement for the reasons provided below. B. TRẢ LỜI CÂU HỎI 1. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
- In my opinion, I completely/ partly agree/disagree with the statement for the reasons provided below 2. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
- This essay will discuss both viewpoints and I will give my opinion in the conclusion.
- In this essay, both views will be discussed before my opinion is stated in the conclusion. 3. In your opinion, do the drawbacks outweigh the benefits?
- In my opinion, I believe that the disadvantages overshadow/eclipse the advantages.
- From my perspective, this phenomenon has more benefits / drawbacks than drawbacks / benefits.
- Although this tendency has some advantages, its disadvantages should not be forgotten. 4. Is this a positive or negative development?
- In my opinion, I believe this is a positive/ negative development. 5. What do you think are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve them?
- This problem is attributed to a host of factors, and I believe it should be collectively addressed by both individuals and the governments.
- From my perspective, there are several reasons / impacts of this issue, and a number of measures should be implemented to address it.
(The key to IELTS Writing – A writing course for Task 2)
OPINION (Agree/ disagree – 3 TYPES)
TYPE 1
Practice 1: Some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 13/02/ A: reading stories from a book B: watching TV or playing computer games
Hypothesis: A>B Your opinion:
- A >B: completely agree [Body 1: B (1 main point), Body 2: A (2 main points)]
- A< B : completely disagree [Body 1: A (1 main point), Body 2: B (2 main points)]
- A=B: completely disagree as both reading books and watching TV could have equal positive impacts on the development of a child. [Body 1: A (1-2 main points), Body 2: B (1-2 main points)] A>B: A>B - T A>B: B>A - F A>B: A=B - F INTRODUCTION: A>B: completely agree BODY 1: PLAYING COMPUTER GAMES/ WATCHING TV On the one hand, there is no doubt that playing games and watching TV are deemed to be beneficial for the development of a child. [Point] From a personal perspective, watching TV could cultivate one’s imaginativeness regarding its characteristics of programs. [Explanation – why/how] children are confronted with a wide range of knowledge by seizing the images of worldwide landscapes or feeling the taste of delicacies in various regions. [Example] For instance, the broadcasting of quiz shows serves as an efficient learning tool for both children and adults who prefer taking challenges which involve critical thinking [Result - so] Watching TV programs, therefore, assists children in cognitive development through vivid pictures shown on the screen. PEER WRITING => PE BODY 2: READING STORIES FROM A BOOK On the other hand, I would argue that …. [P1] books are i nstrumental in enhancing children’s imagination and development as opposed to watching television or playing computer games. [E] By reading stories, children have to use their imagination to visualize all the events described in the book.
