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An in-depth exploration of traditional japanese architecture, focusing on the use of wood, bamboo, and unique roofing styles. It also delves into the country's religious history, discussing the ancient religion of shinto, its influence, and its co-existence with buddhism. The document further explains the impact of buddhism on japanese art and architecture, and provides examples of significant shrines and temples. Particularly useful for understanding the historical, cultural, and architectural aspects of japan.
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NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOY COLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE GROUP NO. 9 Dumlao, Angelie M. Gapac, Luvinelle C, Marasigan, Paul Bryan Pablo, Jhaynie Padilla, Misaela Marie T. BSAR-3D
Japan is a shimaguni , also known as an island country. It consists of four main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu (the principal island), Shikoku, and Kyushu as well as thousands of smaller ones including Okinawa. The Sea of Japan separates the Japanese archipelago (island chains) from the Asian continent. The country’s size is comparable to the single, yet large state of California. At the same time, it is small compared to Asia and the United States. It becomes even smaller when you learn that only 15% of the total land area is available for agriculture and housing. Japanese islands are very mountainous and heavily forested. The mountains of Japan contain some of the most active volcanoes in the world. Mt. Fuji is Japan’s most famous mountain, a dormant and beautiful volcano. This country unfortunately experiences natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. GEOLOGICAL Japanese architecture has been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding paper doors, which are called fusuma were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions. People usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor, traditionally; chairs and high tables were not widely used until the 20th century. Fusuma The single most defining characteristic of traditional Japanese architecture is the use of wood. Stone buildings were not an option for earthquake-prone ancient Japan, so wood was the chosen material. To express this reverence, ancient architects developed ways of erecting wooden structures without the use of nails. Wood is rarely painted in Japan; it is left bare so its grain can be appreciated. For their roofing, they developed the gassho system or the “praying hands” style. In a gassho-style house, the gables, or triangular wall portions between the edges of the roof on both
SShinto was profoundly affected by buddhism, introduced from the chinese mainland about A.D. 550 Buddhism encourage the erection of temples and its mystic symbolism inspired the artistic Japanese temperament to the production of countless images of every possible size and fantastic forms.HINTO (WAY OF THE GODS) ➢ Is the ancient religion of Japan. ➢ was adopted from the written Chinese, pinyin: shén dào), combining two kanji: "shin", meaning "spirit" or kami; and "tō", meaning a philosophical path or study (from the Chinese word dào). ➢ Shinto was profoundly affected by buddhism,
introduced from the chinese mainland about A.D. 550 Buddhism encourage the erection of temples and its mystic symbolism inspired the artistic Japanese temperament to the production of countless images of every possible size and fantastic forms. SHINTO (WAY OF THE GODS) ➢ Is the ancient religion of Japan.
temples and its mystic symbolism inspired the artistic Japanese temperament to the production of countless images of every possible size and fantastic forms. Both of these belief systems have their own aesthetics. Shinto shrines and Buddhist Temples can be found all over Japan and the distinction can be confusing to first-time visitors. Shinto shrines are identifiable by their subdued nature. They mimic the natural environment with wood and lack coloring or adornment. Buddhist temples are more decorative and often involve a great deal of vermillion paint. An excellent example of Shinto architecture can be found in the heart of Wakayama prefecture in the Kansai region. Kumano Hongu Taisha is one of the final destinations for pilgrims trekking the Kumano Kodo Pilgrimage Routes. It has a sweeping cypress bark roof that blends seamlessly in with its surroundings. Builders used intricate joint work instead of nails to construct the shrine. Sweeping and subtle—Kumano Hongu Taisha The Temples of Nikko in Tochigi Prefecture is an example of Buddhism architecture This massive complex of shrines and temples in the hills glows with
vermillion, a stark contrast to the trees and forests around them. The buildings are adorned with painted wooden molds of different scenes from Buddhist lore. These two traditions developed side by side over the centuries and still influence modern Japanese architecture. Temples of Nikko in Tochigi Prefecture HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL Historical background Different dynasties ruled the islands throughout the centuries : The Jōmon period The Jōmon period is generally subdivided into six phases: Incipient Jōmon (c. 10,500– BCE), Initial Jōmon, Early Jōmon, Middle Jōmon, Late Jōmon, and Final Jōmon. Early Jōmon The formation of small settlements, and the astute use of abundant natural resources. A general climatic warming trend encouraged habitation in the mountain areas of central Honshu as well as coastal areas. Remains of pit houses have been found arranged in horseshoe formations at various Early Jōmon sites. Each house consisted of a shallow pit with a tamped earthen floor and a grass roof designed so that rainwater runoff could be collected in storage jars. Late Jōmon Colder temperatures and increased rainfall forced migration from the central mountains to the eastern coastal areas of Honshu. There is evidence of even greater interest in ritual, probably because of the extensive decrease in population. From this time are found numerous ritual sites consisting of long stones laid out radially to form concentric circles. These stone circles, located at a distance from habitations, may have been related to burial or other ceremonies. Previously disparate tribes began to exhibit a greater cultural uniformity. Final Jōmon There was a considerable decrease in population and a regional fragmentation of cultural expression. Particularly noteworthy was the formation of quite distinct cultures in the north and south. The discovery of numerous small ritual implements, including pottery, suggests that the cultures developing in the north were rigidly structured and evinced considerable interest in ritual. The Yayoi period
- buddhism originated in india in the 6th century bce consisting of The teachings of the buddha, gautama siddhartha. Of the main Branches of buddhism, it is the mahayana or "greater vehicle" Buddhism which found its way to japan.
Practitioners face a wall or a curtain during this meditation, without focusing on a particular object (a point, the breath or a mantra) but follows the concept of shikantaza, or just sitting, cultivating a generic awareness, opening the senses and letting the thoughts flow without intervening or being carried away.
a rare 2 storey pagoda STONE PAGODAS are usually made of materials like apatite or granite, are much smaller than wooden ones and are finely carved. Often they bear sanskrit inscriptions, Buddhist figurines and Japanese lunar calendar dates. Like wooden ones, they are mostly classifiable on the basis of the number of stories A rare 16-storey stone pagoda at Chosho-ji in Kamakura The gorintois made of 5 blocks, each having one of the 5 shapes which symbolize of the Five Elements believed to be the basic building blocks of reality: earth (cube), water (sphere), fire (pyramid), air (crescent), ether, energy, or void (lotus)
TEMPLES (Main Hall) Main hall is the building within a Japanese Buddhist temple compound (garan)which enshrines the main object of veneration A kondois the centerpiece of an ancient Buddhist temple garan in japan The term hondo enshrines the most important objects of veneration. The butsudan or butsu-do ('Buddha hall')is the main hall of Zen temples of schools such as the soto and rinsai. HORYUJI KONDO (Golden Hall) Japan's National Treasure, it is the oldest surviving wooden building in the world. SEVEN ELEMENTS OF JAPANESE TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE
1. WOOD Dominated by wood. Due to humidity, earthquakes and typhoons proper ventilation by wood was preferred than stones. Japan values wood and respects it that they use it naturally and no paint is coated onto it. Nails are refrained for usage. They use timber or miter joints to attach woods. 2. ROOFS Curvy, elongated roofs are focal points Kirizuma (gabled) Yosemune (hipped) Irimoya (hip-and-gable) Hogyo (square pyramidal) Eaves are designed wide to protect the windows from rain. Kawara-traditional roof tiles 3. SHOJI AND FUSUMA SHOJI (movable screens) and FUSUMA (sliding doors) Shoji- wooden frames with translucent paper
https://alljapantours.com/about-japan/geography/ https://www.japan.travel/en/guide/japanese-architecture/ https://www.google.com/search? q=gassho+system&rlz=1C1BNSD_enPH1091PH1091&oq=gassho+system&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJ vbWUqBggAEEUYOzIGCAAQRRg70gEIMzA1N2owajSoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UT F-