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HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

York UniversityNursing

HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/27/2025

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HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS
1. The nurse is caring for a patient taking cimetidine (Tagamet) orally. Which should the
nurse consider about administering this drug?
A) Administer the drug with the first bit of food
B) Administer the drug immediately after meals
C) Administer the drug 30 minutes after meals
D) Administer the drug 30 minutes before meals
2. The nurse is discharging a patient with a new patient for ranitidine (Zantac).
Which information would be important to include in the discharge teaching?
A) Thrombolytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) may occur
B) Aspirin may be taken with this medication
C) The patient may experience iron deficiency anema
D) The patient may experience restlessness
3. A patient is prescribed sucralfate (Carafate) and asks the nurse what the purpose of
taking this medication is. Which is the nurse’s best response?
A) The medication helps reduce bacteria levels in the stomach
B) The medication helps neutralize gastric acid in the stomach
C) The medication is used to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa
D) The medication can reduce the patient’s constipation
4. The nurse is creating a class for older adults in the community. Which information about
laxative use in older adults would be important to include?
A) Laxative are not effective in older adults
B) All laxative are exactly the same
C) Over-the-counter laxatives are misused
D) Laxatives can cause potassium retention
5. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new order for an oral laxative. Which is a
contraindication in administering an oral laxative?
A) Cardiac problems
B) Abdominal pain of unknown origin
C) Several hemorrhoids
D) Chronic constipation
1 | P a g e
6. The nurse is studying antacids that contain magnesium and calcium for the
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HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS &

CORRECT ANSWERS

  1. The nurse is caring for a patient taking cimetidine (Tagamet) orally. Which should the nurse consider about administering this drug? A) Administer the drug with the first bit of food B) Administer the drug immediately after meals C) Administer the drug 30 minutes after meals D) Administer the drug 30 minutes before meals
  2. The nurse is discharging a patient with a new patient for ranitidine (Zantac). Which information would be important to include in the discharge teaching? A) Thrombolytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) may occur B) Aspirin may be taken with this medication C) The patient may experience iron deficiency anema D) The patient may experience restlessness
  3. A patient is prescribed sucralfate (Carafate) and asks the nurse what the purpose of taking this medication is. Which is the nurse’s best response? A) The medication helps reduce bacteria levels in the stomach B) The medication helps neutralize gastric acid in the stomach C) The medication is used to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa D) The medication can reduce the patient’s constipation
  4. The nurse is creating a class for older adults in the community. Which information about laxative use in older adults would be important to include? A) Laxative are not effective in older adults B) All laxative are exactly the same C) Over-the-counter laxatives are misused D) Laxatives can cause potassium retention
  5. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new order for an oral laxative. Which is a contraindication in administering an oral laxative? A) Cardiac problems B) Abdominal pain of unknown origin C) Several hemorrhoids D) Chronic constipation 1 | P a g e
  6. The nurse is studying antacids that contain magnesium and calcium for the

pharmacology exam. The student nurse remembers that these antacids should be used with caution in patients with which condition? A) Hypertension B) Renal failure C) Heart failure D) Peptic ulcer disease

  1. A patient asks the nurse how to best prevent constipation. Which class of laxative would the nurse recommend to this patient? A) Stimulant laxatives B) Bulk-forming laxatives C) Amollient laxatives D) Hyperosomatic laxatives
  2. The nurse is caring for patient with short term persistent diarrhea. Which class of medication would the nurse anticipate giving? A) Lubricants B) Probiotics C) Adsorbents D) Anticholinergics
  3. The nurse is creating community education about over-the-counter (OTC) antacids. Which information about calcium antacids would be important to include? A) They cause decreased gastric acid production B) Long-term use may result in kidney stones C) Long-term use may result in fluid retention D) They may cause severe bouts of diarrhea
  4. The nurse is administering an aluminum-based antacid to a patient. Which side effect of this drug should the student consider? A) Rebound hyperacidity B) Acute constipation C) Chronic indigestion D) Dumping syndrome
  5. The nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto- Bismol) at home for several weeks. During the morning assessment, the nurse notices the
  1. The nurse is caring for a patient taking valsartan (Diovan). The nurse will explain to the patient that this medication has which therapeutic effect?

A) Increases serum sodium B) Decreases preload and afterload C) Increases serum ADH D) Decreases the renal blow flow

  1. The patient is being seen in the emergency department (ED) for confirmed digitalis toxicity. Which drug would the nurse anticipate to administer for treatment of the patient’s conditions? A) Digitalis glycoside B) Spironolactone (Aldactone) C) Amiodarone (Cordarone) D) Digoxin immune fab
  2. The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who is hypokalemic. Which drug from the patient’s medicine administration record (MAR) would explain this lab value? A) Atenolol (Ternormin) B) Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) C) Furosemide (Lasix) D) Digoxin (Lanoxin)
  3. The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with heart failure. Which medication should be used with caution in this patient? A) Losartan (Cozaar) B) Propranolol (Inderal) C) Spironolactone (Aldactone) D) Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
  4. The nurse is caring for a patient taking Lisinopril (Prinivil). The nurse knows to monitor the patient for which adverse effect? A) Elevated serum potassium B) Increase urine output C) Bronchodilation D) Increased blood pressure
  5. Which is the mechanism of action of lisinopril (Prinivil) when given for hypertension? A) Dilates the arterioles B) Causes peripheral vasodilation C) Increase myocardial afterload

A) Dry cough B) Low heart rate C) High blood pressure D) Anxiety

  1. The nurse is caring for a patient taking simvastatin (Zocor). Which is the primary purpose of this drug? A) Increase potassium levels in the blood B) Decrease the level of LDL in the blood C) Increase triglyceride levels in the blood D) Decrease the level of HDL in the blood
  2. The nurse is administering somatropin (Humatrope), which is used in the treatment of which condition? A) Metabolic syndrome B) Growth failure C) Type 2 diabetes D) Cushing’s syndrome
  3. The nurse is reviewing a medication administration record (MAR) for a patient taking oral hypoglycemic drugs. Which drug from the patient’s MAR could cause an interaction with oral hypoglycemic drugs? A) Vitamin supplements B) Thyroid replacement drugs C) Beta blockers D) Antibiotics
  4. While caring for a patient who recently had an acute myocardial infarction, the nurse notes severe ventricular dysrhythmias on the patient’s cardiac monitor. Which drug would the nurse anticipate the healthcare provider to order to treat this dysrhythmia? A) Diltiazem (Cardizem) B) Adenosine (Adenocard) C) Amiodarone (Cordarone) D) Verapamil (Calan)
  5. The nurse should assess the client for which common adverse effect of procainamide? A) Drowsiness

B) Nystagmus

C) Omega 3 supplement and a baby aspirin daily D) Vitamin A and an anticoagulant

  1. The nurse is caring for a patient with essential hypertension who is taking a calcium channel blocker. The nurse would hold the patient’s medication based on which assessment finding? A) Patient complains of a nonproductive cough B) Blood pressure of 128/ C) An oral temperature pf 102 F D) Patient complains of dizziness when standing
  2. The nurse is discharging an older adult who lives alone and will need to take a diuretic drug for hypertension. Which would be important for the nurse to emphasize during the discharge teaching? A) Stop taking the medication if feeling dizzy, and take potassium B) The diuretic should be taken with the evening meal C) Do not take the diuretic if leaving the house for the day D) Stand slowly and carefully to prevent orthostatic hypotension
  3. The nurse is caring for a child taking somatropin (Humatrope). The nurse knows to monitor the patient for which therapeutic response? A) Decreased muscle strength B) Decreased urinary output C) Increased growth pattern D) Increased caloric intake
  4. The nurse is reviewing a medication administration record (MAR) for a patient and reads the order, “Give levothyroxine (Synthroid), 20 mcg, PO once every evening.” Which action should the nurse take? A) Question the order, because the dose is too high B) Give the medication as ordered; the order is correct C) Question the order, because the time of day is incorrect D) Change the dose to 200 mg, because that is the correct dose
  5. The nurse is caring for a patient taking lispro (Humalog) insulin. In which time frame will the insulin take effect? A) 3 to 5 hours B) 15 minutes

C) 45 minutes

B) The patient takes her medication some days C) The patient is taking too much medication D) The patient has stopped taking her medication

  1. The nurse is caring for patient with type 2 diabetes who is receiving intravenous corticosteroid. Which adverse effect of the corticosteroids would the nurse monitor for? A) Halos when looking at light B) Increased urinary output C) Increased heart rate D) Increased blood glucose levels
  2. The nurse is caring for a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who is taking Januvia. Which adverse effects can occur with this drug? (Select all that apply). A) Runny or stuffy nose B) Increased blood glucose C) Increased appetite D) Nausea E) Headache
  3. The nurse is caring for a school-aged child who is taking somatropin (Humatrope). Which is the anticipated outcome of this pharmacotherapy? A) Slowing down growth B) Increasing growth C) Slowing down of weight gain D) Increasing muscle strength

A client with mild parkinsonism is started on oral amantadine (Symmetrel). What

statement accurately describes the action of this medication?

dopamine in central nervous system is increased

A 52 - year-old client is admitted to the hospital for possible duodenal ulcers. The

healthcare provider prescribes ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) 150 mg BID PO.

Which data would indicate that this medication is effective?

Within 4 hours after meals, the client denies having pain.

A 78-year-old client with congestive heart failure receives the cardiac glycoside

digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg PO daily. Which observation by the nurse indicates that

the medication has been effective?

Clear breath sounds anteriorly and posteriorly

Minocycline (Minocin) 50 mg every 8 hours is prescribed for an adolescent girl

diagnosed with acne. The nurse discusses self-care with the client while she is

taking the medication. Which teaching points should be included in the

discussion? (Select all that apply.)

Report vaginal itching or discharge.

Protect skin from natural and artificial ultraviolet light.

Avoid driving until response to medication is known.

Use a nonhormonal method of contraception if sexually active.

The nurse is assessing a stuporous client in the emergency department who is

suspected of overdosing with opioids. Which agent should the nurse prepare to

administer if the client becomes comatose?

Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan)

A healthcare provider prescribes cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex) for a client with a postoperative infection. It is most important for the nurse to assess for what additional drug allergy before administering this prescription? A) Penicillins. B) Aminoglycosides. C) Erythromycins. D) Sulfonamides. A) Penicillins. Cross-allergies exist between penicillins (A) and cephalosporins, such as cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex), so checking for penicillin allergy is a wise precaution before administering this drug.

  1. Which nursing intervention is most important when caring for a client receiving the antimetabolite cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) for chemotherapy? A) Hydrate the client with IV fluids before and after infusion. B) Assess the client for numbness and tingling of extremities. C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations. D) Monitor the client's urine pH for increased acidity. C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations. Cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) affects the rapidly growing cells of the body, therefore stomatitis and mucosal ulcerations are key signs of antimetabolite toxicity (C). (A, B, and D) are not typical interventions associated with the administration of antimetabolites.
  2. When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on acetaminophen (Tylenol), it is most important for the nurse to assess for pain in which area of the body? A) Flank. B) Abdomen. C) Chest. D) Head. B) Abdomen. Acetaminophen toxicity can result in liver damage; therefore, it is especially important for the nurse to assess for pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen (B), which might indicate liver damage. (A, C, and D) are not areas where pain would be anticipated.
  3. An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise. Which information should the nurse provide to the client? A) Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure.

B) Change the patch every other day while on the cruise. C) Place the patch on a hairless area at the base of the skull. D) Drink no more than 2 alcoholic drinks during the cruise. A) Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure. Scopolamine, an anticholinergic agent, is used to prevent motion sickness and has a peak onset in 6 hours, so the client should be instructed to apply the patch at least 4 hours before departure (A) on the cruise ship. The duration of the transdermal patch is 72 hours, so (B) is not needed. Scolopamine blocks muscarinic receptors in the inner ear and to the vomiting center, so the best application site of the patch is behind the ear, not at the base of the skull (C). Anticholinergic medications are CNS depressants, so the client should be instructed to avoid alcohol (D) while using the patch.

  1. The nurse is reviewing the use of the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump with a client in the immediate postoperative period. The client will receive morphine 1 mg IV per hour basal rate with 1 mg IV every 15 minutes per PCA to total 5 mg IV maximally per hour. What assessment has the highest priority before initiating the PCA pump? A) The expiration date on the morphine syringe in the pump. B) The rate and depth of the client's respirations. C) The type of anesthesia used during the surgical procedure. D) The client's subjective and objective signs of pain. B) The rate and depth of the client's respirations.
  2. Which nursing intervention is most important when caring for a client receiving the antimetabolite cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) for chemotherapy? A) Hydrate the client with IV fluids before and after infusion. B) Assess the client for numbness and tingling of extremities. C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations. D) Monitor the client's urine pH for increased acidity. C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations. Cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) affects the rapidly growing cells of the body, therefore stomatitis and mucosal ulcerations are key signs of antimetabolite toxicity (C). (A, B, and D) are not typical interventions associated with the administration of antimetabolites.
  3. When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on acetaminophen (Tylenol), it is most important for the nurse to assess for pain in which area of the body? A) Flank. B) Abdomen. C) Chest. D) Head.