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File Handling

Programming Fundamentals

Informatics Engineering

Gunadarma University

Introduction to File Handling: File handling in programming refers to the ability to create, open, read, write, and close files on the file system. It is a crucial part of many applications, allowing data to be stored persistently and retrieved when needed. Key Concepts in File Handling

1. File Operations: o Opening a file: Access a file using various modes (read, write, append, etc.). o Reading from a file: Retrieve data from a file. o Writing to a file: Insert data into a file. o Closing a file: Finalize and close the file to free up resources.
2. File Modes: o Read ('r'): Open a file for reading. An error occurs if the file does not exist. o Write ('w'): Open a file for writing. Creates a new file if it does not exist or truncates the file if it exists. o Append ('a'): Open a file for writing. Creates a new file if it does not exist, and appends to the file if it exists. o Read and Write ('r+'): Open a file for both reading and writing. o Binary mode ('b'): Used with other modes to open files in binary format (e.g., 'rb', 'wb').
3. Common File Methods: o open(): Open a file. o read(): Read data from a file. o write(): Write data to a file. o close(): Close the file.

Advanced Concepts

1. Binary File Handling: o Handle non-text files (e.g., images, audio files). o Example:
2. File Handling Exceptions: o Handle potential errors during file operations using try-except. o Example:

3. File Management Operations: o Perform file operations like renaming and deleting files using the os module. o Example: Conclusion File handling is an essential skill in programming that allows for persistent data storage and retrieval. Understanding how to open, read, write, and close files, as well as handling exceptions and performing file management operations, is crucial for building robust applications. Practice these concepts with various file types and operations to become proficient in file handling. Practice Exercises
4. Reading a File: o Write a script to read a text file and print its content line by line. o Example: