Gunadarma Database Models Study Guide, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Database Management Systems (DBMS)

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Database Models

Database System

Informatics Engineering

Gunadarma University

Introduction to Database Models: Database models are conceptual frameworks that help in organizing and structuring data within a database management system (DBMS). They provide a way to define the logical structure of a database and specify the relationships between different data elements. Understanding different database models is essential for designing efficient and scalable databases. Types of Database Models:

1. Hierarchical Model: o Represents data in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships. o Each parent can have multiple children, but each child can have only one parent. o Example: IBM's Information Management System (IMS).
2. Network Model: o Extends the hierarchical model by allowing each child to have multiple parents, forming a network-like structure. o Data is organized using sets and records. o Example: CODASYL.
3. Relational Model: o Organizes data into tables (relations) consisting of rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). o Relationships between tables are established through keys. o Example: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle.
4. Object-Oriented Model: o Represents data as objects, similar to object-oriented programming. o Supports inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. o Example: Object Database Management Systems (ODBMS) like db4o.

o Products Table: (Sql) o Orders Table: (Sql) o Order_Items Table (for Many-to-Many relationship):

4. Perform Normalization (Optional): o Break down tables into smaller, well-structured tables to minimize redundancy and dependency issues. o For example, you could create separate tables for addresses, phone numbers, etc., and link them to the Customers table using foreign keys.

Conclusion: Understanding different database models is essential for designing efficient and scalable databases. Each model has its advantages and use cases, so it's crucial to choose the right model based on the requirements of your application. Practice modeling databases for various scenarios to strengthen your understanding of database models.