Globalization Studies - Introduction to Globalization Studies - Lecture Slides, Slides of Culture and Globalization

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Topic 1:

Introduction to Globalization Studies

Concepts and Theories

Themes:

• What is Globalization?
• How can we conceptualize globalization?
• What are the distinctive processes of globalization?

Key Concepts of Globalization

• The term then spread out quickly in the financial and business press.
• It replaces the term “internationalization”（國際化） and “transnationalization“ ( 跨國化 ).

Caution! They are different concepts!

Internationalization:

• increasing interwovenness （相

互交織）of national economies

through international trade.

• nation state（民族國家）

K ey concept to rem em ber!

Globalization:

• Nation-state is no longer important. Globalization is not equal with the geographical integration of national economies, but making of new spatial scales.

Anthony Giddens' conceptualization:

• Globalization can thus be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.

K ey concept to rem em ber!

Anthony Giddens Fam ous person! P lease rem em ber him!

Anthony Giddens' conceptualization:

• This is a dialectical process ( 辯證過程 ) because such local happenings may move in an obverse direction from the very distanciated relations that shape them.

Time/ Space Distantiation

• Anthony Giddens: Local transformation is as much a part of globalization as the lateral extension ( 橫向擴張 ) of social connections across time and space.
• Anthony Giddens: Time /space distantiation ( 時 空遠距化 )

K ey concept to rem em ber!

Globalization:

• The shrinking of the world to a “global village” ( 地球村 ) - a virtual disappearance of space through time.
• Today people can have social relations and even organized community relations regardless of space.

Globalization:

• Roland Robertson: new experience as “global consciousness” ( 全球意識 ).

• It allows the emergence of "imagined" communities, cultures and even systems of authority and social control that cross borders.

Globalization:

Globalization:

• Elements of globalization: transborder capital, labor, management, news, images, and data flows.

Globalization:

• Other features: increased instability of market; organizational decentralization of firms, flexibility of production ( 彈性生產 ) ; privatization ( 私有化 ) of public finance; and increased social inequality and social exclusion ( 社會排斥 ).

In Short:

• Globalization is a compression of time and space which privileges the capitalist economies ( 資本主義經濟體系 ) over non- capitalist and socialist societies ( 社會主義社會 ).