Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry: Gastrointestinal and Antimicrobial Agents - Prof. Dutt, Lecture notes of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

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PT 103 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC

CHEMISTRY(THEORY)

KUNAL DATTA

UNIT III : Gastrointestinal Agents

Antimicrobial Agents

Antimicrobial Agents

❑ Agents which prevent infection , by killing

or inhibiting the growth of micro-organism

when applied topically at damaged tissue.

Antiseptic

Disinfectants

❑Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that

are applied to the surface of non-living objects

to destroy microorganisms that are living on

the objects.

❑ These are the agents which are applied on the skin

to soften the keratin.

Eg: Sulphur, Aluminium oxide

Use : They are used to treat acne and other skin infection

Keratolytic Agents

❑These are the chemical agents which are used in

clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat

infection diseases.

Chemotherapeutics Agents

• Microorganism contain many important ‘protein

structure’ (e.g enzyme) to survive.

• If there is minute changes in protein structure , the

protein becomes non functioning and inactive.

• There are three types of mechanisms for changing

their protein structure.

➢ Oxidation ➢ Halogenation ➢ Precipitation of Protein

Mechanism of oxidation of proteins

• Oxygen liberating compound (Oxidizing agents) like peroxide and peroxyacids , permanganate give action by this mechanisms.
• These antimicrobial agents cause oxidation of active functional group present in protein or enzymes and inactivate them.

Mechanism of Action : Oxidation

• Metal containg (e.g., mercury, arsenic and antimony) compounds give action by this mechanisms.
• Metal binds with important group present in protein. This protein metal complexation (Chelation) inactivates the protein or enzymes.

Mechanism of Action : Precipitation of Protein

Classification of Antimicrobial Agents

Potassium permanganate

Molecular formula

KMnO

Molar mass

158.034 g/mol

Synonym

Condy's crystals; Permanganate of potash; Hypermangan

Physical Properties

• Appearance : purplish-bronze-gray needles
• Odor: Odourless
• Taste: Bitter with metalic taste
• Density : 2. 703 g/cm 3
• Melting point: 240 ° C
• Solubility: Freely soluble in water and alcohol

Prepartaion

❑On a large scale, potassium permanganate is

prepared by mixing a solution of KOH with

powdered manganese oxide and potassium

chlorate. The mixture is boiled and evaporated to

yield the residue which is heated in iron pans until

it has acquired a paste like consistency.

KOH + 3 MnO 2 + KClO 3 → K 2 MnO 4 + KCl + 3 H 2 O

Prepartaion ❑ Potassium manganate when treated with Hydrochloric acid 3 K 2 MnO 4 + 4 HCl → 2 KMnO 4 + MnO 2 + 2 H 2 O + 4 KCl ❑ Potassium manganate when treated with Carbon dioxide 3 K 2 MnO 4 + 2 CO 2 → 2 KMnO 4 + 2 K 2 CO 3 + MnO 2