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Question on the final exam in 2021
Typology: Exams
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Q11. The intersection between food security, energy security and water security forms the crucial basis for moving towards meeting global sustainable development goals. Describe one (1) key factor for each domain (food, energy, and water) that differs between the developing world and the developed world and needs to be addressed before such goals can be met. Global sustainable development goals are combined with seventeen global goals that link together to achieve a better and more sustainable future. The seventeen sustainable development goals are: (1) No Poverty, (2) Zero hunger, (3) Good health and well-being, (4) Quality education, (5) Gender equality, (6) Clean water and sanitation , (7) Affordable and clean energy , (8) Decent work and economic growth, (9) Industry, innovation and infrastructure, (10) Reducing inequality, (11) Sustainable cities and communities,(12) Responsible consumption and production, (13) Climate action,(14) Life below water, (15) Life on land, (16) Peace, justice, and strong institutions, (17) Partnerships for the goals. Goal number two, six, and seven are related to food security, water security, and energy security, respectively. The following presentation would describe the difference on the one key factor from the availability, access, utilization, and stability of developing and developed world before the goals can be met. Food security:
Stability is the key factor between developing and developed worlds; there are many factors affecting food output. Climate, loss of farmland, pests and diseases are uncontrollable elements devastating the food chain locally. The condition in developed worlds is better, as they have the technology to overcome temperature variation, water and nutrient deficiencies in greenhouses, automated irrigation and organic/inorganic fertilizers. Also, they have well refrigerated and transportation systems that can import food from across the globe. On the contrary, in developing countries, they get rid of clean water and farmland, the pollution caused by industrialization affects the quality of food. They have relatively less capital available to import food and invest in technology to solve the uncertainty from the uncontrollable factors. Water security: Clean water availability is the key factor between developing and developed worlds, and the resources are always limited, especially in the developing world. In the developing world, they use water as raw material, a coolant, and a source of energy; they cannot operate factories and make products without water. At the same time, they do not invest in recycling water and clean piped water facilities, and water pollution leads to waterborne disease by direct intake or food production. Conversely, developed countries have the financial support to implement water purification, clean pipe water distribution system, and extraction facilities. Moreover, for those products which require a considerable amount of clean water or have the risk of water