FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR ..., Study notes of Biotechnology

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FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR SCIENCES

Undergarduate Programme offered :

Bachelor Programme

1. Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry with Honours

2. Bachelor of Science in Microbiology with Honours

3. Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology with Honours

4. Bachelor of Science in Cell and Molecular Biology with Honours

STUDY SCHEME (BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BIOCHEMISTRY WITH HONOURS)

Notes : L = Lecture, L/T = Laboratory/Tutorial SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2 1 ST^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T SKP2101 Malaysian Nationhood 3 0 SKP2203 Asian and Islamic Civilizations 2 0 BCH3003 Biological Chemistry 2 1

BCH3106 Basic Techniques and Calculations in Biochemistry 1 1

BCH3107 Biomolecules 3 0

BSM3101 Cellular and Developmental Biology 3 0

QKXXXX Co-curriculum 0 1

CEL2102 Effective Listening and Speaking

LAX TOTAL 14 3

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T

BBI2423 Academic Interaction and Presentation 2 1

MGM3180 Basic Entrepreneurship 2 1 BCH3108 Enzymology 3 1 BMY3001 Microbiology 4 0 BSM3201 Molecular Biology 3 0 TOTAL 14 3

2 ND^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BBI2424 Academic Writing 2 1 BMY3201 Basic Microbiology Techniques 0 2 BCH3109 Carbohydrate Metabolism 2 1 BCH3203 Analysis of Biomolecules 1 1 SKP2204 Ethnic Relation 2 0 Elective TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T FCE3204 Thinking Skills 2 0 PRT2008 Agriculture and Man 2 0

BCH3110 Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism 3 1

BSM4301 Bioinformatics 2 1 Elective Co-curriculum 0 1 TOTAL 3 RD^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T KOM3403 Public Oration 3 0

BCH3111 Lipid Metabolism and Membranes 3 1

BCH4101 Biochemistry of Hormones 3 0 Elective LAX TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BCH4959A Bachelor Dissertation 0 3 BCH4902 Current Topics in Biochemistry 2 0 BGY3701 Biostatistics 2 1

BCH4904 Service Learning in Biochemistry 0 1

Elective TOTAL 4 TH^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BCH4959B Bachelor Dissertation 0 3

BCH4303 Industrial Applications of Biochemistry 3 0

Elective TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BCH4901 Industrial Training 0 6 TOTAL 0 6

STUDY SCHEME (BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY WITH

HONOURS)

Notes : L = Lecture , L/T = Laboratory/Tutorial SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2 1 ST^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC3000 Biophysical Chemistry 2 1 BCH3003 Biological Chemistry 2 1 BMY3001 Microbiology 4 0 BCH3001 Comprehensive Biochemistry 1 3 0 SKP2203 Asian and Islamic Civilizations 2 0 KOM3403 Public Oration 3 0 CEL2102 Effective Listening and Speaking LAX TOTAL 16 2

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC3001 Introduction to Biotechnology 2 0 BCH3002 Comprehensive Biochemistry II 3 1 BSM3201 Molecular Biology 3 0 BMY3201 Basic Microbiology Techniques 0 2 SKP2101 Malaysian Nationhood 3 0

BBI2423 Academic Interaction And Presentation 2 1 XXX 1234 Co-curiculum 0 1 TOTAL 13 5 2 ND^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC3201 Fermentation Technology 3 1 BTC4001 Biosafety and Bioethics 2 0 BSM3104 Principles of Cell and Tissue Culture 2 1

BBI2424 Academic Writing 2 1 MGM3180 Basic Entrepreneurship 2 1 PRT2008 Agriculture and Man 2 0 TOTAL 13 4

COURSE CODE

COURSE NAME L L/T

BTC3301 Bioprocess Engineering 4 0 BTC3101 Enzyme Technology 3 1 BSM3202 Genetic Engineering 3 1 BTC3402 Waste Management and Utilisation 2 1 XXX 1234 Co-curiculum 0 1 LAX TOTAL 12 4 3 RD^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC3302 Bioseparation and Purification 3 1

BTC4305 Bioprocess Modelling and Optimization 2 1

BTC4904 Service Learning in Biotechnology 0 1

BGY3701 Biostatistics 2 1

BTCXXX Specialisation Elective LAX TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC4959A Bachelor Dissertation 0 3

BTC3002 Commercialisation and Current Issues in Biotechnology 2 0

BTC3305 Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Design 2 1

SKP2204 Ethnic Relation 2 0 BSM4301 Bioinformatics 2 1 BTCXXX Specialisation Elective CEL2105/ 2106/ TOTAL 4 TH^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC4959B Bachelor Dissertation 0 3 BTC4991 Seminar 0 1 Global Language 2 1 BTCXXXX Specialisation Elective LAX TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BTC4901 Industrial Training 0 6 TOTAL

STUDY SCHEME (BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

WITH HONOURS)

Notes : L = Lecture , L/T = Laboratory/Tutorial SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2 1 ST^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T

SKP2203 Islamic Civilisation^ Civilisation and Asian 2 0

BMY3001 Microbiology 4 0 BSM3101 Cellular and Developmental Biology 3 0 BCH3001 Comprehensive Biochemistry I 3 0 SKP2101 Malaysian Nationhood 3 0 QKXXXX Co-curriculum 0 1

CEL2102 Effective Listening and Speaking

LAX TOTAL 15 2

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BSM3201 Molecular Biology 3 0 BCH3003 Biological Chemistry 2 1 BSM3204 Principles of Genetics 2 1 FCE3204 Thinking Skills 2 0 KOM3403 Public Oration 3 0 BBI2423 Academic Interaction and Presentation 2 1 BMY3201 Basic Microbiology Techniques 0 2 TOTAL 14 5

2 ND^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BCH3002 Comprehensive Biochemistry II 3 1 BSM3501 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture 2 1 BSM3202 Genetic Engineering 3 1 MGM3180 Basic Entrepreneurship 2 1 BBI2424 Academic Writing 2 1 Elective I 3 0 LAX TOTAL 15 4

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T PRT2008 Agriculture and Man 2 0 BSM3203 Research Techniques in Molecular Biology 2 1 BSM4301 Bioinformatics 2 1 BSM3401 Animal Cell and Tissue Culture 2 1 SKP2204 Ethnic Relation 2 0 Elective II 3 0 QKXXXX Co-Curriculum 0 1 LAX TOTAL 13 4 3 RD^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BSM4201 Applied Molecular Genetics 3 1 BSM3402 Cell and Molecular Immunology 3 0 BGY3701 Biostatistics 2 1

BSM4904 Service Learning in Cell and Molecular Biology 0 1 Cell and Molecular Biology Core Elective I LAX TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T

BTC

Commercialisation and Current Issues in Biotechnology

2 0

BSM4959A Bachelor Dissertation 0 3 Cell and Molecular Biology Core Elective II Management and Humanity Elective I CEL2105/ 2016/ or LAX TOTAL 4 TH^ YEAR CODE COURSE NAME K A BSM4959B Bachelor Dissertation 0 3 BSM4991 Seminar 0 1 Cell and Molecular Biology Core Elective III Management and Humanity Elective II CEL /2016/ TOTAL

CODE COURSE NAME L L/T BSM4901 Industrial Training 0 6 TOTAL 0 6

BCH3111 Lipid Metabolism and Membranes 4(3+1)

Prerequisite : BCH

This course encompasses cellular metabolisms of lipid and membrane. Regulation of lipid and membrane metabolisms are discussed. Analysis of lipid and membrane metabolic reactions are conducted

BCH3203 Analysis of Biomolecules 2(1+1)

Prerequisite : BCH3002 or BCH This course encompasses analytical techniques of water content, acidity, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Analysis of physical and chemical properties, molecular weight and

homogeneity of biomolecules are discussed. Analyses of biomolecules are conducted

BCH4101 Biochemistry of Hormones 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3105 or BCH This course encompasses the classification, chemical properties and production of hormones. The function of hormones in cell metabolism, cell coordination, interactions among molecules and pathophysiological disorders are also discussed.

BCH4301 Plant Biochemistry 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3108 or BCH This course encompasses classification of primary and secondary metabolites as well as various metabolic systems in plant. Metabolic integration in plants and its regulations are discussed

BCH4302 Plant Genetic Manipulation 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BCH

This course encompasses plant gene manipulation techniques through genetic transformation, biomarkers application, reporter genes and bioinformatic. Implication of plant gene manipulation technologies towards economy, environment and sociocultural are discussed. Plant gene manipulation is conducted

BCH4303 Industrial Applications of Biochemistry 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3002 or BCH This course encompasses biochemistry concepts in product manufacturing. Application of biochemistry in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food and diagnostic are discussed. The importance of patent and safety aspects are also described

BCH4304 Food Biochemistry 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3108 or BCH This course encompasses physico-chemical properties of foods and their main components. Microbial activity, food preservation methods and the use of enzymes in food technology are discussed. Effects of biochemical reactions on appearance and the nutritional value of food are also discussed

BCH4305 Nutritional Biochemistry 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3108 or BCH This course encompasses the role of nutrients in human and animal physiology. Nutritional requirement and effects of nutrient imbalance towards human and animal health are discussed. Dietary assessment methods are also discussed

BCH4306 Biochemistry of Animal Tissues 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3108 or BCH This course encompasses biochemical processes in various tissues of animals. Metabolic integrations between tissue are discussed. Pathophysiological related to animal tissue biochemistry are also

discussed

BCH4307 Environmental Biochemistry 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3108 or BCH This course encompasses process of decomposition of organic matter, waste water treatment and the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environments. Effects of bioaccumulation, development of resistance to environmental contaminants and pathogenicity towards cellular metabolism, environment, economy and health are discussed

BCH4308 Techniques in Metabolomics 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BCH3109 or BCH3110 or BCH This course encompasses analytical techniques of metabolite components in plants, animals, microbes, environment and foods. Usage of advanced instruments in metabolomics is emphasized.

Analyses of metabolomics data using related software and database are also conducted

BCH4901 Industrial Training 6(0+6)

Prerequisite : BCH3109 or BCH3110 or BCH This course introduces students to the real working environment in industries/organizations. Training includes application of the theoretical and practical aspects that have been studied with current practices in the workplace. Problem solving and communication skills are also emphasized

BCH4902 Current Topics in Biochemistry 2(2+0)

Prerequisite : BCH3109 or BCH3110 or BCH This course focuses on selected problems, issues and trends related to biochemistry field. Exploration of key issues and new direction is conducted through analysis of critical issues and problems to recommend solutions. Business opportunities in commercialization of products related to biochemistry field is discussed

BCH4904 Service Learning in Biochemistry 1(0+1)

Prerequisite : BCH3109 or BCH3110 or BCH This course encompases activities between students and communities to increase awareness and understanding of the importance of biochemistry in daily lives among communities. Community services through application of biochemistry knowledge are emphasized. Cooperation towards enhancing scientific knowledge among society is also emphasized

BCH4959 Bachelor Dissertation 6(0+6)

Prerequisite : BCH3109 or BCH3110 or BCH This course covers the preparation of proposal, implementation and scientific writing of research project. Scientific approach to generate data systematically through appropiate design, data collection and analysis are emphasized

BMY4302 Virology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY

This course encompasses various properties of viruses and the methods used in virology. Classification and taxonomy of viruses are introduced. Viroids and prions are discussed. Viral infection and its effects in hosts, epidemiology and pathogenicity are described.

BMY4303 Mycology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY This course encompasses classification, structure, growth and reproduction, genetics and interactions of fungi as saprophytes and parasites. The roles of fungi in the prevention and control of microbial growth are discussed

BMY4304 Immunology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY This course encompasses several concepts in immunology. Immune system regulations and their roles in diseases are discussed. Research and current developments in immunology

are described

BMY4305 Microbial Ecology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY This course encompasses various aspects of microbial ecology which involve the interaction between microorganisms with their environment. Methods and technology used to study microbes and their activities are discussed. The economic importance and biodiversity of microbial population are also elaborated

BMY4306 Pathogenic Microbiology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY This course emphasizes the importance of microbiology in medicine. Interactions between bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens with their hosts are discussed. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infections are described

BMY4307 Fungal Physiology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY This course encompasses the chemical composition and molecular structures of fungal cells. The physical and chemical requirements for fungal growth, primary and secondary metabolisms, genetics and spore development are discussed. Resistance and defensive mechanisms against fungicides are described

BMY4309 Applied Food Microbiology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY This course encompasses current issues in applied food microbiology which include new and emerging food- borne pathogens, rapid identification and characterization of food

microorganisms. The effects of food compositions and preservation techniques are described. Functional properties of selected food microorganisms and their industrial applications are discussed

BMY4310 Microbial Genetics 4(3+1)

Prerequisite : BMY3102 or BMY This course encompases various aspects of microbial genetics such as DNA replication, control of gene expression, mechanisms of DNA transfer and genetic recombination. Elements and mechanisms of transposition as well as molecular techniques in microbial and applied genetics are discussed

BMY4901 Industrial Training 6(0+6)

Prerequisite : None

This course introduces students to real working environment in industries/organizations. Training includes application of the theoretical and practical aspects that have been studied with current practices in the workplace. Problem solving and communication skills are also emphasized

BMY4904 Service Learning in Microbiology 1(0+1)

Prerequisite : BMY

This course encompasses activities to increase awareness and understanding of the community on the importance of microbiology in daily lives. Knowledge in microbiology is applied through joined activities with the community

BMY4992 Current Topics in Microbiology 2(0+2)

Prerequisite : BMY

This course encompasses reviews on current topics in microbiology such as nanobiotechnology, molecular biology, molecular immunology and genomics. Reviews on the selected topics are presented in the form of seminars

BMY4959 Bachelor Dissertation 6 (0+6)

Prerequisite : None

This course covers the preparation of proposals, implementation and scientific writing of research projects. Scientific approaches to generate data systematically through appropriate design, data collection and analysis are emphasized

BTC3502 Bioentrepreneurship Planning 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BTC

This course encompasses preparation of a business plan for biotechnological products or services. Important elements in business plan and creative techniques in developing product concept are also discussed

BTC3301 Bioprocess Engineering 4 (4+0)

Prerequisite : BTC

This course encompasses aspects related to bioprocess engineering such as fundamental engineering calculation and process optimisation. Overview on the industrial equipments and the engineering aspects in the bioreactor operation for cell cultures and enzyme reaction are discussed

BTC3302 Bioseparation and Purification 4 (3+1)

Prerequisite : BTC

This course encompasses the downstream processing for the recovery and purification of biotechnological products. Various bioseparation and purification techniques are discussed using flow chart, mass balance analysis and costing

BTC3305 Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Design 3 (2+1)

Prerequisite : BTC

This course encompasses aspects of designing and consolidating various unit operations involved in the production, bioseparation, purification and formulation of biotechnological products. Process synthesis and analysis as well as case studies related to bioprocess are discussed

BTC3306 Bioreactor System 3 (3+0)

Prerequisite : BTC3201 and BTC

This course encompasses various aspects of bioreactor system used in the production of biotechnological products employing microorganisms, enzymes, animal and plant cells. Specific requirement for the design and scaling-up approaches of bioreactor for different biological systems are discussed

BTC4001 Biosafety and Bioethics 2 (2+0)

Prerequisite : None

This course covers biosafety and bioethics issues in biotechnology including safety level in laboratory design. Issues on safety and ethics, including the handling of biological issues and rational decisions-making are also discussed

BTC4002 Biotechnology in Bioeconomy 2 (2+0)

Prerequisite : BTC

This course covers concept and issues related to biotechnology in bioeconomy. The importance of bioresources and contribution of biotechnology towards sustainable generation of economy are discussed. The advantages and challenges of bioeconomy globally are also elaborated

BTC4102 Advanced Enzyme Technology 4 (3+1)

Prerequisite : BTC

This course encompasses immobilization of enzymes and cells and application of immobilized enzyme in the industry. The use of immobilized enzymes and cells in biosensor and non-conventional media are discussed

BTC4104 (^) Food Biotechnology 3 (2+1)

Prerequisite : BTC This course involves the applications of biological catalysts in the food and food ingredient industries, and students will learn about the preparation and modification of traditional foods, beverages, food macromolecules, transgenic foods and food ingredients (geneticallymodified foods and ingredients) and current issues; and laws that regulate the use of biocatalysts in foods.

BTC4105 Advanced Food Biotechnology 2 (2+0)

Prerequisite : BTC This course encompasses the roles and contributions of food biotechnology towards people’s lifestyle, security and social well-being. Latest development in food biotechnology is discussed

BTC4205 (^) Industrial Microbiology 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BMY3001 or BMY This course encompasses methods of increasing product yield from microorganisms used in industry. A variety of applications in the production of industrial microbiology products are discussed

BTC4305 Bioprocess Modelling and Optimization 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BTC3201 and BTC This course encompasses application of optimisation and simulation technique in biological process. Computer simulation programs are used for modeling of mathematical equations, statistical analysis and bioprocess parameters optimisation

BTC4406 Bioremediation 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BTC This course encompasses treatment methods and bioremediation of toxic waste especially in polluted soil and groundwater. The potential use of microorganisms in various treatments of toxic and hazardous wastes are discussed. Industrial processes are referred in order to clarify the method and concept of bioremediation

BTC4407 Solid Waste Treatment Technology 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BTC This course covers management and treatment technologies for solid waste from various sources. Solid waste treatment methods for sustainable development and case studies related to solid waste treatment technology are also discussed

BTC4408 Wastewater Treatment Technology 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BTC This course encompasses technologies involved in wastewater treatment. The types of treatment methods and comparison of each method, wastewater disposal and re-use are discussed

BTC4502 Bioentrepreneurship Management 3(1+2)

Prerequisite : BTC This course encompasses the study of current issues on business operation and management, marketing, financial and entrepreneurship. Risk analysis and management are discussed towards sustainability of biotechnology entrepreneur in the global market

BTC4503 Biotechnology Business 3(1+2)

Prerequisite : BTC This course encompasses strategies for biotechnology business or company set up. Methods to design biotechnological products or services for promotional purpose are discussed

BTC4901 Industrial Training 6(0+6)

Prerequisite : None This course introduces students to real working environment in industries/organizations. Training includes application of the theoretical and practical aspects that have been studied with current practices in the workplace. Problem solving and communication skills are also emphasized

BTC4904 Service Learning in Biotechnology 1(0+1)

Prerequisite : BTC This course encompasses involvement of students in community / industrial activities to promote awareness and understanding to the public on the role of biotechnology in their daily lives. The learning process involves activities planning with the community, demonstrations and hands-on activities to meet community needs

Department of Cell & Molecular Biology

BSM3101 Cellular and Developmental Biology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : None

This course encompasses the principles of biology and compares various cell types such as prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses in terms of physiology and genome organisation. Concept of the cell cycle, structure and function of various cell types and organelles are compared. Endosymbiosis theory, structure and function of sel and nuclear membrane and the mechanism of molecular transport are explained. Cellular development and differentiation of eukaryotic cell and current issues related current issues related to cellular and developmental biology are discussed.

BSM3104 Principles of Cell and Tissue Culture 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : None

This course encompasses the principles and basic procedures of cell and tissue culture. The basic requirements for establishing and maintaining cell cultures in the laboratory will be emphasized. This includes various methods such as Zygotic embryo culture, callus culture and organogenesis. Genetic stability and somaclonal variation are discussed. This course also covers various concept and techniques in animal cell culture. Principles of monoclonal antibody production and various cytotoxic assays are also discussed.

BSM3201 Molecular Biology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : None

This course encompasses the principles of molecular biology such as the structure and role of DNA and RNA as genetic materials, structure of chromosome and extrachromosomal inheritance. Transposable elements, DNA replication, transcription, translation, mutation, methylation, DNA repair and relationship between all these processes are discussed. The regulations of gene expression in eukaryotes and prokaryotes are compared.

BSM3202 Genetic Engineering 4(3+1)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the basic techniques for cloning and manipulation of genes. Procedures for cloning, screening and identification of heterologous genes, cloning vectors, restriction of vector and insertion of DNA and transformation process are discussed. PCR technology and DNA sequencing are also explained. Ethical issues in relation to recombinant DNA technology are emphasised

BSM3203 Research Techniques in Molecular Biology 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the theories and applications of techniques used in molecular-biological research including genomic DNA isolation (eukaryotes and prokaryotes), DNA purification, DNA blotting and hybridization, probes labelling, RNA isolation and electrophoresis, microarray and real-time PCR. Advance techniques in analysis of DNA, RNA and protein such as cDNA-AFLP, SDS-PAGE, 2D-gel electrophoresis and in-vitro translation are also disscussed.

BSM3204 Principles of Genetics 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : None Genetics, the science of heredity and variation are discussed based on Mendel’s discoveries. The important roles and applications of basic genetic principles such as Mendel’s Law and Hardy-Weinberg Principle in heriditary at the individual and population levels as well as their relevance in human life today are also discussed. Various recent concepts and branches of genetics are also introduced. Applications of genetic concepts in biodiversity and bioresource conservation are discussed

BSM3401 Animal Cell and Tissue Culture 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the development, organization and laboratory requirements for animal cell and tissue culture. Emphasis is given on various techniques of animal cell and tissue culture such as

preparation of suspension and adherent cells and primary tissue culture. Application of the principles and techniques for large scale culture, generation of hybridoma cells and culture of hemopoietic stem

cells are explained. Application of animal tissue culture techniques and ethical issues are discussed

BSM3402 Cell and Molecular Immunology 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the important concepts in immunology including basic properties of immune responses, cells and tissues in the immune system and the mechanism of immune responses. The biology of T and B lymphocytes including development of T and B cells from the progenitor cells, activation and regulation of T and B cells, antibody and antigen, and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecule, transplantation immunology, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity are discussed

BSM3501 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the development of plant cell and tissue culture, organization and laboratory requirements to carry out aseptic techniques. Emphasis is given to the medium component, important concepts and different types of plant cell and tissue culture. Genetic stability, somaclonal variation, experimental design and applications of plant cell and tissue culture techniques in agriculture-based industries are discussed

BSM4101 (^) Microtechniques 4(3+1)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the basic principles and methods of histological studies in plant and animal. Tissue fixation, infiltration and paraffin embedding, histological staining, slide preparation and identification of plant or animal cells and tissues are discussed. Integration of microscopic morphology with basic physiology of cells or tissues are also explained. Developing skills in light microscopy and histological techniques are also emphasized

BSM4201 Applied Molecular Genetics 4(3+1)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses development of molecular genetic technologies and their applications in various fields of biotechnology. The development and use of recombinant proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems, the role of functional genomics in understanding and manipulating biological processes at the molecular level, and the applications of genetic engineering in various industries are discussed

BSM4203 (^) Molecular Diagnostics 2(2+0)

Prerequisite : BSM This course encompasses the discoveries that have created a field called molecular diagnostics. Scientific concepts in the revolution of molecular diagnostics are explained. Molecular cytogenetics, molecular oncology and detection of infectious disease causing microorganisms are examined. Advanced technology such as human genome microarray and its applications in disease diagnosis are discussed

BSM4204 (^) Functional Genomics 3(3+0)

Prerequisite : BSM3202 and BSM This course encompasses the principles of functional genomics and research approaches involved in related research. The molecular biology that determines the biological function of genes and their products by making use of genome sequences are discussed. The applications of genome-wide approaches are introduced. Current topics in functional genomics are also discussed

BSM4301 Bioinformatics 3(2+1)

Prerequisite : BSM3201 or BCH

The course encompasses details on fundamental concepts and methods in bioinformatics. Emphasis is on the theory and practical aspects of analysis and manipulations of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences, and the use of software in the analyses. Applications of bioinformatics in molecular biology are discussed

BSM4501 Applied Plant Cell and Tissue Culture 4(3+1)

Prerequisite : BSM

This course encompasses the essential concepts for clonal propagation of agricultural, horticultural and medicinal plants. Methods for production of pathogen-free plants, disease-resistant and stress-tolerant strains and the

BSM4991 Seminar 1(0+1)

Prerequisite : BSM

This course encompasses the effective preparation and delivery of seminars on research project in cell and molecular biology. Students are required to review the literature, organise and present information on cell and molecular biology in a seminar

BSM4959 Bachelor Dissertation 8(0+8)

Prerequisite : None This course covers the preparation of proposal, implementation and scientific writing of research project. Scientific approach to generate data systematically through appropriate design, data collection and analysis are emphasized