English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 Module 1- Gathering Manifestoes, Summaries of Communication

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TEXT STRUCTURES

While most pieces of non- academic texts follow the same or similar general organizational patterns, different academic texts can have different text structures. An academic text may present a main idea and then details, a cause and then its effects, an effect and the causes, two different views of a topic, etc.

DID YOU KNOW THAT…..

SIGNAL WORDS play an

important role in

organizing your thoughts?

All words are powerful, but some words have superpower. Consider words and phrases indicate connections of ideas like however, in addition, in contrast, as a result, furthermore, specifically, currently, while, eventually, in the same way, later, next, and on the contrary. These are signal words and they are sentence superheroes which help you in understanding and organizing academic texts.

COMMON TEXT STRUCTURES

• Text structure is how information in a text is organized. Being able to identify the structure of a text can greatly increase students' comprehension of the material being read. According to Taylor (1992), students who are taught to identify the structure of expository and narrative texts have been found to have better comprehension than students who have not received such instruction.

The following are the six basic structures that are commonly found in textbooks and/or academic texts:

1. COMPARE-CONTRAST STRUCTURE This type of text structure examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc. The selection below uses compare and contrast sentence structure.

The following are the six basic structures that are commonly found in textbooks and/or academic texts:

2. Cause-Effect Structure

This structure presents the causal relationship between a specific event, idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or concept that follow. An action and its results

The following are the six basic structures that are commonly found in textbooks and/or academic texts:

3. Sequence Structure

This text structure gives readers

a chronological order of events

or a list of steps in a procedure.

The following are the six basic structures that are commonly found in textbooks and/or academic texts:

4. Descriptive Structure

This type of text structure describes

something in order of space and how

something looks. It features a detailed

description of something to give the reader a

mental picture.

The following are the six basic structures that are commonly found in textbooks and/or academic texts:

5. Problem-Solution Structure This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains the solution, and then discusses the effects of the solution.