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Endocrine System and Reproductive Physiology, Exams of Physiology

University of Southern Mindanao (USM)Physiology

A range of topics related to the endocrine system and reproductive physiology, including the structure and function of various endocrine glands, the roles of different hormones in the male and female reproductive systems, and the mechanisms underlying key processes like ovulation, menstruation, and pregnancy. Detailed information on the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive organs, the hormonal regulation of these processes, and the effects of various hormones on the body. It also includes multiple-choice and true/false questions to assess understanding of the material. This comprehensive coverage of the endocrine and reproductive systems makes this document a valuable resource for students studying topics in biology, physiology, and medicine.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/17/2024

christine-mae-madria
christine-mae-madria 🇵🇭

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1. Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland?
oa. Thyroid gland
ob. Salivary gland
oc. Pituitary gland
od. Adrenal gland
(Answer: b)
2. What is the primary role of the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland)?
oa. Release hormones that regulate other endocrine glands
ob. Control urine production and labor contractions
oc. Produce digestive enzymes
od. Stimulate the immune system
(Answer: b)
3. Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?
oa. Prolactin
ob. Oxytocin
oc. Vasopressin
od. Estrogen
(Answer: b)
4. Steroid hormones, such as androgens, are derived from which substance?
oa. Proteins
ob. Carbohydrates
oc. Cholesterol
od. Amino acids
(Answer: c)
5. What is the primary role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?
oa. Stimulate ovulation
ob. Promote the maturation of ovarian follicles
oc. Regulate uterine contractions
od. Inhibit estrogen production
(Answer: b)
6. Which structure connects the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
oa. Infundibulum
ob. Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
oc. Cerebellum
od. Medulla
(Answer: b)
7. What hormone regulates the development of the male external genitalia?
oa. Estrogen
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  1. Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland? o a. Thyroid gland o b. Salivary gland o c. Pituitary gland o d. Adrenal gland (Answer: b)
  2. What is the primary role of the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland)? o a. Release hormones that regulate other endocrine glands o b. Control urine production and labor contractions o c. Produce digestive enzymes o d. Stimulate the immune system (Answer: b)
  3. Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth? o a. Prolactin o b. Oxytocin o c. Vasopressin o d. Estrogen (Answer: b)
  4. Steroid hormones, such as androgens, are derived from which substance? o a. Proteins o b. Carbohydrates o c. Cholesterol o d. Amino acids (Answer: c)
  5. What is the primary role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females? o a. Stimulate ovulation o b. Promote the maturation of ovarian follicles o c. Regulate uterine contractions o d. Inhibit estrogen production (Answer: b)
  6. Which structure connects the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary? o a. Infundibulum o b. Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system o c. Cerebellum o d. Medulla (Answer: b)
  7. What hormone regulates the development of the male external genitalia? o a. Estrogen

o b. Testosterone o c. Dihydrotestosterone o d. Progesterone (Answer: c)

  1. Which of the following statements is true about the menstrual cycle? o a. The endometrium thickens due to progesterone before ovulation. o b. Estrogen is the primary hormone that thickens the endometrium. o c. Menstruation occurs in the absence of luteinizing hormone. o d. Progesterone remains low throughout the cycle. (Answer: b)
  2. In which phase of the menstrual cycle does progesterone dominate? o a. Follicular phase o b. Menstrual phase o c. Secretory phase o d. Ovulation phase (Answer: c)
  3. Which part of the uterus is responsible for contractions during labor?  a. Endometrium  b. Perimetrium  c. Myometrium  d. Cervix (Answer: c)
  4. Which layer of the uterus thickens in preparation for pregnancy?  a. Myometrium  b. Endometrium  c. Perimetrium  d. Cervix (Answer: b)
  5. Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?  a. Progesterone  b. Testosterone  c. Estrogen  d. Prolactin (Answer: b)
  6. What structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for capturing the egg after ovulation?  a. Fallopian tube  b. Fimbriae

d. Testosterone (Answer: b)

  1. What is the main function of progesterone after ovulation? a. Stimulate ovulation b. Promote endometrial growth and maintenance c. Inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion d. Increase testosterone levels (Answer: b)
  2. What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur? a. It remains active until the next menstrual cycle b. It degenerates into the corpus albicans c. It continues to produce progesterone d. It releases more estrogen (Answer: b)
  3. Which part of the reproductive system becomes the uterus, cervix, and upper third of the vagina if no testosterone is present? a. Müllerian ducts b. Wolffian ducts c. Urogenital sinus d. Genital tubercle (Answer: a)
  4. The hormone vasopressin has which of the following effects on the body? a. Causes uterine contractions b. Increases water retention by the kidneys c. Inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone d. Stimulates milk production (Answer: b)
  5. What triggers the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female reproductive system? a. Decrease in progesterone levels b. Estrogen surge c. Increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d. Formation of the corpus luteum (Answer: b)
  6. The uterus is composed of which three layers? a. Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium b. Perineum, endometrium, cervix c. Myometrium, perineum, cervix

d. Endometrium, cervix, fallopian tube (Answer: a)

  1. Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?  a. Uterus b. Cervix c. Fallopian tube d. Vagina (Answer: c)
  2. Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy? a. Estrogen b. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) c. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) d. Oxytocin (Answer: c)
  3. What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle before ovulation? a. Stimulates the thickening of the endometrium b. Inhibits follicle development c. Causes the corpus luteum to form d. Inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion (Answer: a)
  4. What structure in the male reproductive system produces testosterone? a. Vas deferens b. Testes c. Prostate d. Seminal vesicles (Answer: b)
  5. Which hormone is responsible for preparing the uterus for implantation after ovulation? a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Luteinizing hormone d. Oxytocin (Answer: b)
  6. Which hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy to maintain the corpus luteum?  a. Estrogen  b. Progesterone  c. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)  d. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (Answer: c)

a. Progesterone b. Estrogen c. Oxytocin d. Vasopressin (Answer: b)

  1. What structure connects the ovary to the uterus? a. Fallopian tube b. Cervix c. Urethra d. Vagina (Answer: a)
  2. What hormone is responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor? a. Oxytocin b. Estrogen c. Progesterone d. Luteinizing hormone (Answer: a)
  3. Which hormone stimulates the development of the Graafian follicle? a. Luteinizing hormone (LH) b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d. Oxytocin (Answer: c)
  4. Which part of the fallopian tube is the widest and where fertilization typically occurs? a. Isthmus b. Infundibulum c. Ampulla d. Fimbriae (Answer: c)
  5. In females, what is the primary role of luteinizing hormone (LH) during the menstrual cycle? a. Stimulate the growth of the endometrium b. Trigger ovulation c. Maintain the corpus luteum d. Inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (Answer: b)
  6. Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the shedding of the endometrial lining? a. Secretory phase b. Menstrual phase

c. Follicular phase d. Luteal phase (Answer: b)

  1. What role does the hormone relaxin play during pregnancy? a. Stimulates ovulation b. Softens the cervix and relaxes pelvic ligaments c. Promotes milk production d. Maintains the endometrial lining (Answer: b)
  2. The placenta is primarily responsible for which function during pregnancy? a. Producing follicle-stimulating hormone b. Supplying nutrients and oxygen to the fetus c. Triggering ovulation d. Stimulating sperm production (Answer: b)
  3. Which hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex during breastfeeding? a. Progesterone b. Oxytocin c. Estrogen d. Prolactin (Answer: b)
  4. Where does spermatogenesis occur in males? a. Epididymis b. Vas deferens c. Seminiferous tubules d. Prostate gland (Answer: c)
  5. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? a. Decreased androgen levels b. Regular menstrual periods c. Multiple ovarian cysts d. Excessive estrogen production (Answer: c)
  6. Which hormone prevents menstruation during pregnancy? a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  1. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland. (True)
  2. Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. (True)
  3. The fallopian tubes are responsible for producing eggs in the female reproductive system. (False)
  4. The placenta develops from the corpus luteum. (False)
  5. Progestins are responsible for maintaining pregnancy. (True)
  6. The Müllerian ducts become male reproductive organs if testosterone is present. (False)
  7. The fimbriae are responsible for capturing the oocyte during ovulation. (True)
  8. Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. (False)
  9. Progesterone levels decrease after ovulation. (False)
  10. The adenohypophysis is also known as the posterior pituitary gland. (False)
  11. Steroid hormones are stored in vesicles and released in response to stimuli. (False)
  12. Protein hormones are water-soluble and stored in secretory vesicles. (True)
  13. The neurohypophysis primarily releases oxytocin and vasopressin. (True)
  14. The hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system allows direct transport of hormones between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary. (True)
  15. Endometrial hyperplasia can lead to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. (True)
  16. The corpus luteum forms after ovulation and produces estrogen and progesterone. (True)
  17. The vas deferens develops from the Müllerian ducts in the male reproductive system. (False)
  18. The uterus is located anterior to the rectum and posterior to the urinary bladder. (False)
  19. A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation. (True)
  20. The Graafian follicle releases the oocyte during ovulation. (True)
  21. Leydig cells in the testes are responsible for producing sperm. (False)
  1. The uterine fundus is the top portion of the uterus. (True)
  2. The perimetrium is the innermost layer of the uterus. (False)
  3. The ampulla is the narrowest part of the fallopian tube. (False)
  4. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. (True)
  5. Ovulation occurs when the Graafian follicle releases the mature egg. (True)
  6. The stratum basalis of the endometrium is shed during menstruation. (False)
  7. The hormone vasopressin is involved in increasing blood pressure and water retention. (True)
  8. Estrogen levels peak during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. (False)
  9. Relaxin helps soften the cervix and relax the pelvic ligaments during labor. (True)
  10. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation. (True)
  11. Endometriosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue inside the uterus. (False)
  12. Testosterone is primarily produced by the Sertoli cells in the testes. (False)
  13. The fallopian tubes transport the fertilized egg to the uterus. (True)
  14. The anterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin. (False)
  15. Vasopressin is responsible for regulating water balance in the body. (True)
  16. The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle occurs after ovulation. (True)

93. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during

labor.

(True)

94. The ovarian follicles develop within the medulla of the ovary.

(False)

95. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is necessary for ovulation to occur.

(True)