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A collection of notes from siena physics 120 course on dc circuits. It covers various topics such as circuit symbols, series and parallel circuits, adding resistors, measuring current and calculating resistance, emf and terminal voltage, kirchhoff's rules, capacitors in parallel and series, rc circuits, and electric hazards. Students will learn about circuit symbols, series and parallel circuits, calculating equivalent resistance, kirchhoff's rules, capacitor connections, and electric hazards.
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Siena Physics 120 1
Circuit symbols: Battery Capacitor Resistor Wire Switch Ground Siena Physics 120 2
Series Parallel How does Req compare between two circuits? Siena Physics 120 3
In series: In parallel: Siena Physics 120 4
Series Parallel (^) Hint: First calculate Req.
Siena Physics 120 5
Determine (a) the equivalent resistance of the circuit and (b) the voltage across each resistor. Siena Physics 120 6
Emf (E) potential difference across battery terminals when no current is flowing stands for electromotive force, but not really a force Terminal Voltage model real battery as emf plus resistor, r Siena Physics 120 7
Calculate the terminal voltage for a battery with an internal resistance of 0.900 Ω and an emf of 8.50 V when the battery is connected in series with (a) an 81.0-Ω resistor, and (b) an 810.-Ω resistor. Siena Physics 120 8
G. R. Kirchhoff (1827-1887) First Rule - Junction rule at any junction point, the sum of all currents entering the junction must equal the sum of all currents leaving the junction conservation of charge Second Rule - Loop rule the sum of the changes in potential around any closed path of a circuit must be zero conservation of energy
Siena Physics 120 13
Siena Physics 120 14
(a) Six 4.7-μF capacitors are connected in parallel. What is the equivalent capacitance? (b) What is their equivalent capacitance if connected in series? Siena Physics 120 15
Resistor and capacitor in series Applications windshield wipers pacemakers camera flash timing of traffic lights Siena Physics 120 16
Siena Physics 120 17
τ = RC time constant time to reach 63% of maximum voltage Siena Physics 120 18
A heart pacemaker is designed to operate at 72 beats/min using a 7.5-μF capacitor in a simple RC circuit. What value of resistance should be used if the pacemaker is to fire (capacitor discharge) when the voltage reaches 63% of its maximum? Siena Physics 120 19
Lethal current - 100 mA causes ventricular fibrillation Larger current - 1 A does not stop heart causes burns Resistance of human body 104 - 10^6 Ω when dry 103 Ω when wet Siena Physics 120 20
when one hand is on electric, keep other hand in pocket NEVER go near downed electric wires ground can be charged stand on one leg or run
