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Mucous Cells
Found in stomach liningSecrete mucousfunctions to lubricate stomach wall to protect against mechanical and chemical (HCl) damage TERM 2
Chief (Peptic) cells
DEFINITION 2 Found deep within exocrine glandsSecrete PepsinogenPepsinogen is zymogen form of Pepsin- HCl activates pepsinogen to become pepsinPepsin begins protein digestion TERM 3
G cells
DEFINITION 3 Secrete gastrin into interstitiumGastrin is absorbed into the blood and stimulates parietal cells to produce HCl TERM 4
Parietal (Oxynetic)
Cells
DEFINITION 4 found in exocrine glands of cellsecrete HClAlso secrete intrinsic factor to help ileum absorb B TERM 5
Duodenum
DEFINITION 5 1st section of small intestineMost digestion occurs here
Villus
Protrusion of intestinal lining that increases surface area for digestion and reabsorptionCapillary bed and lymph vessels called lacteals are present insideEnterocytes form along perimeter of villi TERM 7
Microvilli
DEFINITION 7 Cover each villusFunction to further increase SA, also secrete many enzymes which aid in the digestion processMicrovilli form the "Brush Border" TERM 8
Brush Border
DEFINITION 8 Fuzzy-looking lining of intestinal wall made up of microvilliContains many membrane bound digestive enzymes- Carbohydrate digesting enzymes: dextrinase; maltase; sucrase; lactase- Protei digesting enzymes: peptidase-Nucleotide digesting enzymes: nucleosidases TERM 9
Pancreas
DEFINITION 9 Exocrine and Endocrine GlandSecretes enzymes from acinar cells from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum:1. Trypsin2. Chymotrypsin3. Pancreatic Amylase4. Lipase5. Ribonuclease6. Deoxyribonuclease TERM 10
Trypsin
DEFINITION 10 Secreted from Pancreatic DuctDegrade proteins into small polypetidesEnzymes within the enterocytes reduce dipeptides and tripeptides to amino acids
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
released in response to fat and protein digestates in the duodenum, and to a lesser extent, carbsmild effect in decreasing motor activity of the stomach TERM 17
Cholecystokinin
DEFINITION 17 released when food present in upper duodenum, especially fat digestatescauses gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretiondecreases motility of the stomach allowing duodenum more time to digest fat TERM 18
Bile
DEFINITION 18 Produced in liver and secreted through cystic duct of gallbladder which empties into common bile ductcommon bile duct connects with duodenum at the ampulla of Vater TERM 19
Nephron
DEFINITION 19 Function unit of Kidney TERM 20
Flow of filtrate through Excretory System
DEFINITION 20 Urine created by kidney is emptied into renal pelvis > ureter
bladder > urethra
Bowman's Capsule
Hydrostatic pressure forces plasma through fenestrations of glomerulus into Bowman's Capsule, leaving filtrateFiltration occurs here TERM 22
Proximal
Tubule
DEFINITION 22 Most reabsorption occurs hereSecondary active transport proteins in the apical membrane of the proximal tubule reabsorb nearly all glucose, proteins, and solutes. TERM 23
Loop of Henle
DEFINITION 23 Descending Loop of Henle: permeable to water, low permeability to saltsAscending Loop of Henle: impermeable to water, salt diffuses out of loop, first passively and then actively TERM 24
Distal
Tubule
DEFINITION 24 reabsorbs Na+ and Ca+ and excretes K+, H+, and HCO3- Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule, increase sodium and potassium transport proteinsADH acts to increase the permeability of the cells to water, increasing solute concentration TERM 25
Collecting Duct
DEFINITION 25 Carries filtrate into high osmotic medullaImpermeable to water, but also sensitive to ADHADH makes collecting duct permeable to water, again concentrating solute
