Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy and Lactation: A Comprehensive Guide, Slides of Nutrition

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DIET DURINGDIET DURING

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

YOUR LIFESTYLE

SHOULD REFLECT YOUR

PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL

AND MENTAL STATE.

FRADEL AND SPIES FOOD PREPS

ABOUT US

Good nutrition during the 38 to 40 weeks of a normal

pregnancy is essential for both mother and child. In addition to

her normal nutritional requirements, the pregnant woman must

provide nutrients and calories for the fetus, the amniotic fluid,

the placenta, and the increased blood volume and breast,

uterine, and fat tissue. Studies have shown a relationship

between the mother’s diet and the health of the baby at birth. It

is also thought that the woman who consumed a nutritious diet

before pregnancy is more apt to bear a healthy infant than one

who did not. Malnutrition of the mother is believed to cause

IN THE MEDIA

decreased growth and mental retardation in the fetus. Low-birth-weight infants

(less than 5.5 pounds) have a higher mortality (death) rate than those of normal birth

weight.

WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY

35 to 45 pounds. Overweight women can afford to gain less than the average woman, but not less than 15 pounds. No one should lose weight during pregnancy, because it could cause nutrient deficiencies for both mother and infant. On average, a pregnant adult requires no additional calories during the first trimester of pregnancy and only an additional 300 calories a day during the second and third trimesters.

CHOOSING RECIPES

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY Pregnancy is a critical period where both the mother and the developing baby require proper nutrition for optimal growth and health. Couples should consult a physician before pregnancy to address health concerns and dietary changes. Avoid harmful substances like certain medications, smoking, illegal drugs, and alcohol. Good nutrition is essential both before and during pregnancy.

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY Some specific nutrient requirements are increased dramatically during pregnancy, as can be seen in Table. These figures are recommended for the general U.S. population; the physician may suggest alternative figures based on the client’s nutritional status, age, and activities. Nutrient needs may vary based on nutritional status, age, and activity levels. Protein Increase: Pregnant Women (25+): Protein intake increases by 20%. Pregnant Adolescents: Protein intake increases by 25%. Vital for tissue building and provide essential nutrients like iron, copper, zinc, and B vitamins.

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY

FULFILLMENT OF NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY

To meet the nutritional requirements of

pregnancy, the woman should base her

diet on MyPyramid. Special care should be

taken in the selection of food so that the

necessary calories are provided by

nutrient-dense foods.

FULFILLMENT OF NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY One of the best ways of providing these nutrients is by drinking additional milk each day or using appropriate substitutes. The extra milk will provide protein, calcium, phosphorus, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. Whole milk: Contains saturated fat, cholesterol, and 150 calories per 8 oz. Fat-free milk: No fat, provides 90 calories per 8 oz; considered a healthier choice. To be sure that the vitamin requirements of pregnancy are met, obstetricians, nurse midwives, and physician’s assistants (PAs) may prescribe a prenatal vitamin supplement in addition to an iron supplement. (obstetricians- doctors who care for mothers during pregnancy and delivery) Unprescribed supplements should be avoided to prevent toxicity. The unusual cravings for certain foods during pregnancy do no harm unless eating them interferes with the normal balanced diet or causes excessive weight gain.

Sometimes nausea (the feeling of a need to vomit) occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. This type of nausea is commonly known as morning sickness Nausea These following suggestions can help relieve morning sickness: Eat dry crackers or dry toast before rising. Eat small, frequent meals. Avoid foods with offensive odors. Avoid liquids at mealtime. In rare cases, the nausea persists and becomes so severe that it is lifethreatening. This condition is called hyperemesis gravidarum. The mother may be hospitalized and given parenteral nutrition.

Constipation Constipation and hemorrhoids can be relieved by eating high-fiber foods, getting daily exercise, drinking at least 8 glasses of liquid each day, and responding immediately to the urge to defecate. Hearthburn Heartburn can result from relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and smooth muscles related to progesterone. Heartburn is a common complaint during pregnancy. As the fetus grows, it pushes on the mother’s stomach, which may cause stomach acid to move into the lower esophagus and create a burning sensation there.. Heartburn may be relieved by eating small, frequent meals; avoiding spicy or greasy foods; avoiding liquids with meals; waiting at least an hour after eating before lying down; and waiting at least 2 hours before exercising.