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Dermatology introduction made easy, Study notes of Dermatology

Kerala University of Health SciencesDermatology

Dermatology is a vast topic. This study notes gives you strong understanding on introduction of dermatology through golden points.

Typology: Study notes

2017/2018

Available from 02/28/2023

Drhope
Drhope 🇮🇳

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DERMATOLOGY
LAYERS OF SKIN
Outer epidermis
Inner dermis
EPIDERMIS
Formed by stratified epithelium
No blood vessels
Nutrition is provided by capillaries of dermis.
LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS
1. STRATUM CORNEUM: Also known as horny layer. Thickest on palms and soles. Thinnest on
eyelids and prepuce. Ringworm lives in this layer
2. STRATUM LUCIDUM: Flattened epithelial cells. Responsible for transparency. It is an additional
layer found in palms and soles.
3. STRATUM GRANULOSUM: Thinnest layer of skin. Flattened rhomboid cells. Contains
keratohyaline(precursor of keratin) and filaggrin.
4. STRATUM SPINOSUM: Also known as prickle cell layer. Occupies most of epidermis. Contains
desmosomes, langerhan cell, lamellar granules and odland bodies. Thickening stratum spinosum
is known as acanthosis.
5. STRATUM BASALE: Polygonal cells superficially and columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells in
deeper parts. Also known as stratum germinativum. Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes,
merkel cells. From this layer rete ridges extend down upto dermis.
DERMIS
Made up of collagen fibers, fibroblast and histiocytes.
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DERMATOLOGY

LAYERS OF SKIN

Outer epidermis Inner dermis

EPIDERMIS

Formed by stratified epithelium No blood vessels Nutrition is provided by capillaries of dermis.

LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS

1. STRATUM CORNEUM: Also known as horny layer. Thickest on palms and soles. Thinnest on eyelids and prepuce. Ringworm lives in this layer

  1. STRATUM LUCIDUM: Flattened epithelial cells. Responsible for transparency. It is an additional layer found in palms and soles.
  2. STRATUM GRANULOSUM: Thinnest layer of skin. Flattened rhomboid cells. Contains keratohyaline(precursor of keratin) and filaggrin. 4. STRATUM SPINOSUM: Also known as prickle cell layer. Occupies most of epidermis. Contains desmosomes, langerhan cell, lamellar granules and odland bodies. Thickening stratum spinosum is known as acanthosis.
  3. STRATUM BASALE: Polygonal cells superficially and columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells in deeper parts. Also known as stratum germinativum. Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells. From this layer rete ridges extend down upto dermis.

DERMIS

Made up of collagen fibers, fibroblast and histiocytes.

LAYERS OF DERMIS

  1. SUPERFICIAL PAPILLARY LAYER: Contain chromatophores which are pigment containing cells
  2. DEEP RETICULAR LAYER: Involved in bulla formation in burns. Made up of reticular and elastic fibers.

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

Hair follicles with hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and mammary glands

PIGMENTATION OF SKIN

Melanin is responsible. It is synthesized by melanocytes which are present mainly in stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum.

FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

  1. PROTECTIVE FUNCTION: Protection from bacteria and toxic substances by the secretion of lysozyme, protection from mechanical blow, protection from UV rays.
  2. SENSORY FUNCTION: By cutaneous receptors on nerve endings of skin.
  3. STORAGE FUNCTION: Stores fat, water, chloride and sugar.
  4. SYNTHETIC FUNCTION: Vit D3 is synthesized in the skin by the action of UV rays from sunlight on cholesterol.
  5. REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE: By radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation and sweating.
  6. REGULATION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE: By excreting water and salts through sweat.
  7. EXCRETORY FUNCTION: Excretes small quantities of waste materials like urea, salts and fatty substance
  8. ABSORPTIVE FUNCTION: Of fat soluble substances and ointments.

REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE