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Contrastive Analysis of English
and Vietnamese Newspaper
Articles
Contrastive Analysis between English and
Vietnamese Articles
1. Adjectival Clause
1.1. Definition
An adjectival clause (also called an adjective clause or relative clause) is a dependent clause that acts as an adjective.
1.2. Types of Adjectival Clause
There are two types of adjectival clauses: Essential Adjectival Clause: An essential (also called restrictive) adjectival clause specifies the noun or pronoun that it modifies. Nonessential Adjectival Clause: A nonessential (also called non- restrictive) adjectival clause describes the noun or pronoun that it modifies.
1.3. Adjectival Clause in English
Example 1: "The restaurant they opened a month ago is already closed down." The adjective clause "they opened a month ago" adds essential information by helping to specify the restaurant. Example 2: "My old guitar, which I thought was completely broken, can actually still play nicely." The adjective clause "which I thought was completely broken" adds nonessential information to describe the guitar further.
1.4. Adjectival Clause in Vietnamese
Example 1: "Anh bỏ dở công việc giữa chừng như vậy là không nên." The dependent clause "Anh bỏ dở công việc giữa chừng" adds meaning to the subject. Example 2: "Cô gái mà tôi gặp hôm qua rất thân thiện và cởi mở." The clause "tôi gặp hôm qua" is essential because it helps specify the girl. Example 3: "Anh Trần Tuấn, anh làm cùng cậu ý, đã có người yêu chưa á?"
The clause "anh làm cùng cậu ý" is nonessential since the name is mentioned specifically before.
2. Adverbial Clause
2.1. Definition
An adverbial clause is a group of words that functions as an adverb, describing or modifying a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Adverbial clauses are always dependent clauses.
2.2. Types of Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clauses can communicate various types of information: Manner: How the action is performed Place: Where the action takes place Condition: The conditions related to the verb, adverb, or adjective Reason: The reason for the action Time: When the action takes place Purpose: The reason to take a specific action Comparison: How the subject compares to another Concession: A factor that modifies the main clause
2.3. Adverbial Clause in English
Example 1: "We studied all night so we would pass the exam." "We would pass the exam" is the adverbial clause of purpose. Example 2: "We expected the afternoon class to perform better on the test than the morning class did." "Than the morning class did" serves as the adverbial clause of comparison.
2.4. Adverbial Clause in Vietnamese
Adverbial clauses in Vietnamese are often connected by coordinating conjunctions like "và", "nhưng", "hay", etc. or indicated by punctuation marks. Example 1: "Nó kêu, nó la, nó rên, nó khóc, nó giả giãy chết, nó nằm lăn ăn vạ." The clauses are in a listing/sequential relationship. Example 2: "Cậu phát bóng nét hơn Minh Đức phát đấy." "Hơn Minh Đức phát đấy" is the adverbial clause of comparison.
3. Noun Clause
3.1. Definition
A noun clause is a clause that acts like a noun, serving as the subject, direct object, indirect object, or predicate nominative in a sentence.
thing, without using the words "like" or "as." For example, "Time is money" is a metaphor that suggests time has the same value as money.
Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things using the words "like" or "as." For example, "She is as busy as a bee" is a simile that compares the person's level of activity to that of a busy bee.
Personification
Personification is a figure of speech that gives human characteristics or abilities to non-human things, such as animals, objects, or abstract ideas. For example, "The trees danced in the wind" is a personification that gives the trees the human ability to dance.
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to create a strong effect or emphasis. For example, "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse" is a hyperbolic statement that exaggerates the speaker's level of hunger.
Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of words that are in close proximity to each other. For example, "She sells seashells by the seashore" is an alliterative phrase that repeats the "s" sound.
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech where the word imitates the sound it describes. For example, "The bee buzzed" is an onomatopoeic phrase that imitates the sound of a buzzing bee.
Oxymoron
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or opposite terms. For example, "Jumbo shrimp" is an oxymoron that combines two words with opposite meanings.
Irony
Irony is a figure of speech that conveys the opposite of what is literally said. For example, saying "What lovely weather" during a thunderstorm is an example of ironic speech.
Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part represents the whole, or the whole represents a part. For example, using the word "wheels" to refer to a car is a synecdoche.
Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech where a related term is used to represent something else. For example, using the word "crown" to refer to a monarch is a metonymy.
