WHAT’S THE
DIFFERENCE?
PLANT, ANIMAL, AND BACTERIAL
CELLS
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Comparing Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Plant, Animal, and Bacterial Structures, Slides of Life Sciences
A comprehensive overview of the key differences and similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, with a focus on plant, animal, and bacterial cell structures. It covers the defining characteristics of each cell type, including the presence or absence of a nucleus, cell wall, chloroplasts, and other organelles. The document also highlights the unique features of plant and animal cells, such as the cell wall in plants and the centriole in animal cells. Additionally, it delves into the specific components found in bacterial cells, including the capsule, flagella, and pili. By studying this document, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental differences between these three major cell types and how their structures relate to their functions within living organisms. The information presented can be valuable for students in biology, microbiology, and related fields, as well as for anyone interested in the fascinating world of cellular biology.
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2022/2023
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WHAT’S THE
DIFFERENCE?
PLANT, ANIMAL, AND BACTERIAL
CELLS
Identify elements of eukaryotic cells
Identify elements of prokaryotic cells.
Compare plant cells to animal cells.
Investigate the components of bacterial cells.
OBJECTIVES
(^) Eukaryotic (^) These cells tend to be larger than the cells of bacteria (prokaryotic) (^) Have a defi ned nucleus (^) Found in organisms made up of many cells (^) Example: Plant and Animal cells (^) Structure: EUKARYOTIC Cell Membrane Cell Wall (plant cells only) Centrosome Centriole (animal cells only) Chloroplast (plant cells only) Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cytosol Golgi Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleolus Peroxisome Reticulum Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Secretory Vesicle Smooth Endoplasmic Vacuole
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
Unique parts of the plant cell
(^) Cell wall – a feature of plants cells that functions like stiff lattice-like wall which helps plant cells maintain their structure and shape (^) Chloroplast – a feature of plant cells that allows plants to do photosynthesis and make their own glucose from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide PLANT CELL (E U KARYO TIC)
ACTUAL ANIMAL CELLS
(^) Prokaryotic (^) These cells are simple in structure (^) No structured nucleus (^) Exist as single-celled organisms (^) Bacteria is both helpful and harmful to us and the environment. (^) Example: Bacterial cells (^) Structure: PROKARYOTIC Capsule (bacterial cells only) Cell wall Chromosomes Cytoplasm Flagellum (bacterial cells only) Inner membrane Outer membrane Pili (bacterial cells only) Ribosomes
Unique parts of the bacterial cell
(^) Capsule - Protects the bacterial cell and serves as a barrier against phagocytosis by white blood cells. (^) Flagellum – “Mobility”. Flagella are long appendages which rotate by means of a "motor" located just under the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacteria may have one, a few, or many fl agella in diff erent positions on the cell. (^) Pili - These hollow, hair-like structures allow bacteria to attach to other cells. BACTERIAL CELL
(PR OKARYO TIC )
Differences DESCRIPTION Bacterial Cells Plant Cells Animal Cells
1. Cell Wall (^) **Yes Yes No
- Nucleus-nuclear membrane No Yes Yes
- Fimbria-DNA transfer Some No No
- Vacuoles No Yes Yes
- Chloroplasts (organelles) (for photosynthesis)** Yes-blue-green **bacteria has a green pigment that makes its own food. Yes No
- Flagella-mobility Yes No No
- Capsule Some No No** DIFFERENCES
Identify elements of eukaryotic cells
Identify elements of prokaryotic cells.
Compare plant cells to animal cells.
Investigate the components of bacterial cells.
OBJECTIVES