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Community As Partner (CAP)- Exam 1
What do nursing models guide? correct answer Curriculum development to help guide clinical practice and enhance the development of nursing theory What kind of testing do nursing models focus on? correct answer Hypothesis testing What is the nursing model used as a basis for? correct answer Decision making in practice & helps to generate further questions that need to be investigated What are the different components of the nursing model that provides a framework? correct answer "AD PIE" Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Evaluation What are the 4 building blocks of a nursing model? correct answer 1. Person
- Environment (newly added)
- Health
- Nursing What is the Neuman Systems Model? correct answer Is holistic and SYSTEMS based -On concepts of stress and reactions to stress (e.g., lack of sidewalks= stressor) -Taking 1 thing out of the system affects the whole system FILL IN THE BLANK: The Neuman Systems Model focuses on the response of the client system (_________ _____________) to actual or potential environmental ___________ correct answer the community; stressors
What are the levels of interventions of the Neuman systems model? correct answer Primary Secondary Tertiary Neuman systems model is used as the interventions to retain, attain and maintain what? correct answer Optimal system wellness What are the 2 central factors of the Community As Partner Model? correct answer 1. Community assessment wheel
- Nursing process What is at the CORE of the Community Assessment Wheel? correct answer The community/people What are the 8 components of the Community Assessment Wheel? correct answer "PEST REC HPG" P- Physical environment E- Education S T- Safety & Transportation R- Recreation E- Economics C- Communication H- Health & human services P G- Politics & Government These components are what we are assessing if they are functioning or not
-Pandemic -Air pollution What can stressors be characterized as? correct answer Intrapersonal (within self) Interpersonal (between others) Extrapersonal (beyond the individuals) What is a degree of reaction? correct answer The amount of disequilibrium or disruption that results from stressors impinging on the community's lines of defenses (the consequences) When the spread of the virus occurred and impacted the economy, the government had to shutdown to mitigate the spread. What is now the focus in this degree of reaction? correct answer This is where you focus your community diagnosis; the stressors & lines of resistance now become part of the nursing diagnosis What are lines of resistance? correct answer Defenses against stressors; OUR STRENGTHS What are some examples of lines of resistance? correct answer -VIA public transportation -Police department -Parks/rec centers -Recreational programs for youth -Freestanding no fee clinics to dx & tx STDs -Emergency preparedness plan -EMS -Technology to be able to do school online (these things are ALREADY IN PLACE & are strengths)
What is the difference between a line of resistance and a flexible line of defense? correct answer -A line of resistance exists throughout each of the 8 subsystems and it always has represented a strength the community has (e.g., parks & rec for exercise) -A flexible line of defense is TEMPORARY and is created IN RESPONSE to a stressor What does the Community as Partner model help to promote? correct answer -Stability of the core within the environment -Allows us to assess the client's (community) and nurse's perception of the stressor -Helps us to organize assessment What is the ultimate nursing goal in the Community as Partner model? correct answer To protect the core structure (community/people) Interventions to prevent stressors will help to reduce the effects of the stressors. What levels can this impact? correct answer -Primary level -Reduce impact at secondary level -Restore optimal function at tertiary level In an effort to encourage intake of more fruits and vegetables, for a limited time, the City of San Antonio is subsidizing the purchase of fruits and vegetables at a grocery store located on the westside. This is an example of which of the following concepts of the Community as Partner Model? A. flexible line of defense B. normal line of defense C. lines of resistance D. degree of reaction correct answer A. flexible line of defense A flexible line of defense is a buffer zone representing a dynamic level of health resulting from a temporary response to stressors.
B. Several counties join together to develop a plan to stop a meningitis outbreak. C. A low-income community that just received funding to open 5 after school programs. D. After the closure of a local Planned Parenthood Clinic, gonorrhea rates have doubled in the last year. correct answer D. After the closure of a local Planned Parenthood Clinic, gonorrhea rates have doubled in the last year. The degree of reaction is the amount of disequilibrium or disruption that results from stressors impinging on the community's lines of defenses. Which factor was the most significant feature associated with district nursing and the home visiting? A. Caring for the sick. B. Teaching hygiene and cleanliness. C. Prevention of diseases. D. Gathering statistical data. correct answer B. Teaching hygiene and cleanliness. page 36, education programs for district nurses emphasized the teaching of hygiene and cleanliness, giving impetus to what was called instructive district nursing. *Which of the following best describes the core public health function of policy development? A. Conduct a community assessment to determine levels of health and illness in community and populations. B. Update public health nursing staff on flu virus. C. Evaluate programs that local health department's contract with for service provision. D. Develop a network of community services for elderly people within the community. correct answer B. Update public health nursing staff on flu virus.
RATIONALE:
A- Assessment C- Assurance D- Assurance -Assurance= making sure services are provided -Policy Development= the synthesis & analysis of info obtained through assessment Which of the following best describes a primary prevention public health nursing activity? A. Doing blood testing to screen 2-5 year olds for lead poisoning. B. Providing education and instruction for first-time pregnant woman on the appropriate way to install infant car seats. C. Making a home visit to provide monitoring and anticipatory education to patient that is recovering from open heart surgery. D. Organizing a health screening for a school parent teacher meeting. correct answer B. Providing education and instruction for first-time pregnant woman on the appropriate way to install infant car seats. Primary prevention is aimed at preventing from condition/disease before it gets tarted, principally by educational activities. The public health nurse is planning a Back-to-School event for a rural community. The nurse will be screening youth for acanthosis nigricans, an early sign of adult-onset diabetes. This is an example of which level of prevention? A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary correct answer secondary
B. Screening a client whose partner recently died for suicide risk C. Teaching clients who have schizophrenia about medication interactions D. Discussing stress reduction techniques with employees at an industrial site correct answer C. Teaching clients who have schizophrenia about medication interactions The nurse educator is aware that the nursing student has a grasp of the primary prevention needs of older adults when the nursing student makes which of the following comments? A. It is unnecessary for older adults to receive immunizations B. All older adults must restrict their sodium intake C. Older adults don't need to drink as much fluid as they are often less thirsty D. The oral health of older adults is often neglected and so it is important that they see a dentist regularly correct answer D. The oral health of older adults is often neglected and so it is important that they see a dentist regularly What is a key informant? correct answer Experts in one particular area of the community, OR they might just know the community as a whole What are some examples of key informants? correct answer -School nurses -Religious leaders -Key cultural leaders -Local police or fire chief/captain -Mail carrier -Local city council person What is the purpose of key informant interviews? correct answer To help yield information on organizations & the various roles in each organization -This then allows us to get more detailed surveys & do more intensive interviews.
What is Causal thinking? correct answer How a disease relates to its cause (e.g., germ theory) -We know that certain diseases come from certain things; this helped us promote health and minimize risk What were the influences of Causal thinking? correct answer -Once it was established that disease could be spread from person to person, nurses incorporated the teaching of cleanliness & person hygiene into basic nursing care -Triparite view that brought attention to the interactions between causative agent, susceptible host and the environment; nurses taught to decrease vulnerability of the host (individual) by teaching them healthier lifestyles -Vaccination & proper disinfection to prevent diseases emerged -Led to the idea that not just one single agent, but many factors can cause disease What are examples of causal thinking and the multiple causation approach? correct answer - CAD can be related to other kinds of multi-causal factors such as heredity, diet, lack of exercise, smoking & personal/work stress -Food poisoning outbreak may be caused not only by Salmonella, but also by improper food handling & storage, & lack of adequate health supervision and enforcement
