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1. What is the primary focus of basic research? A. Solving immediate practical problems B. Generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding C. Evaluating the effectiveness of a program D. Advancing an ideological position Answer: B. Generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding 2. Which of the following best describes a research paradigm? A. A set of steps used to collect and analyze data B. A worldview based on shared assumptions, concepts, and practices C. A method for conducting experiments D. A tool for measuring variables Answer: B. A worldview based on shared assumptions, concepts, and practices 3. Which philosophical assumption deals with the nature of reality? A. Axiology B. Ontology C. Epistemology D. Methodology Answer: B. Ontology 4. What is the main characteristic of quantitative research? A. It relies on qualitative data and subjective interpretation B. It focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis C. It emphasizes understanding human experiences D. It is primarily used for exploratory studies Answer: B. It focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis 5. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research design? A. Experimental research B. Correlational research
C. Phenomenology D. Descriptive research Answer: C. Phenomenology
6. In experimental research, what is the purpose of randomization? A. To ensure that the researcher remains neutral B. To eliminate bias by assigning participants randomly to groups C. To allow participants to choose their own groups D. To reduce the number of variables in the study Answer: B. To eliminate bias by assigning participants randomly to groups 7. What is the key difference between qualitative and quantitative research? A. Qualitative research uses numerical data, while quantitative research uses textual data B. Qualitative research focuses on understanding human experiences, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis C. Qualitative research is always conducted in a laboratory setting, while quantitative research is conducted in natural settings D. Qualitative research is less rigorous than quantitative research Answer: B. Qualitative research focuses on understanding human experiences, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis 8. Which of the following is NOT a type of experimental research design? A. Pre-experimental research B. Quasi-experimental research C. True experimental research D. Correlational research Answer: D. Correlational research 9. What is the primary goal of action research? A. To generate theoretical knowledge B. To solve local, practical problems faced by practitioners C. To evaluate the effectiveness of a program D. To advance an ideological position
A. Ethnography B. Grounded theory C. Experimental research D. Narrative inquiry Answer: C. Experimental research
15. What is the main purpose of correlational research? A. To establish cause-and-effect relationships B. To describe characteristics of a population C. To determine relationships among variables D. To test hypotheses using experimental methods Answer: C. To determine relationships among variables 16. Which of the following is a key feature of single-subject research? A. It involves large sample sizes B. It focuses on studying a single individual or small group over time C. It uses random assignment to groups D. It is primarily used in large-scale surveys Answer: B. It focuses on studying a single individual or small group over time 17. What is the primary goal of evaluation research? A. To generate new theories B. To determine the worth, merit, or quality of an evaluation object C. To solve immediate practical problems D. To explore human experiences Answer: B. To determine the worth, merit, or quality of an evaluation object 18. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research design that focuses on understanding individuals' lived experiences? A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology C. Case study D. Grounded theory
Answer: B. Phenomenology
19. What is the main purpose of a hypothesis in research? A. To describe the research problem B. To predict specific outcomes or relationships between variables C. To summarize the literature review D. To define key terms Answer: B. To predict specific outcomes or relationships between variables 20. Which of the following is a characteristic of true experimental research? A. It does not involve random assignment to groups B. It lacks control over variables C. It includes randomization, control, and manipulation of variables D. It is primarily used in qualitative studies Answer: C. It includes randomization, control, and manipulation of variables