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Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses: Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat Constipation and D, Exams of Pharmacology

Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses: Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat Constipation and Diarrhea Exam Questions And Answers

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Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses:
Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat
Constipation and Diarrhea Exam
Questions And Answers
a symptom-based disorder of unsatisfactory defecation and is
characterized by infrequent stools or feces, difficult stool passage,
or both -
correct answer constipation
constipation may result from -
correct answer decreased motility of the colon or from retention
of feces in the lower colon or rectum
causes of constipation include the following: -
correct answer - improper diet
- too little residue or too little fluid
- too little fluid intake
- lack of exercise and sedentary habits
- tumors of the bowel or pressure on the bowel from tumors
- diseases of the rectum
medications that stimulate the bowels to evacuate stool -
correct answer laxatives
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Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

a symptom-based disorder of unsatisfactory defecation and is characterized by infrequent stools or feces, difficult stool passage, or both - correct answer ✅constipation constipation may result from - correct answer ✅decreased motility of the colon or from retention of feces in the lower colon or rectum causes of constipation include the following: - correct answer ✅- improper diet

  • too little residue or too little fluid
  • too little fluid intake
  • lack of exercise and sedentary habits
  • tumors of the bowel or pressure on the bowel from tumors
  • diseases of the rectum medications that stimulate the bowels to evacuate stool - correct answer ✅laxatives

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

T/F: using laxatives or enemas daily should be avoided because they decrease the muscular tone of mucus production of the rectum and may result in water and electrolyte imbalance - correct answer ✅T an increase in the frequency or fluid content of bowel movements - correct answer ✅diarrhea T/F: diarrhea is a disease rather than a symptom - correct answer ✅F people traveling, especially to other countries develop what is known as __________________ diarrhea from ingestion of microorganisms that are pathogenic to their GI tracts but not to those of the local residents - correct answer ✅traveler's

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

  • those who have nausea, vomiting, or fever
  • those with a preexisting condition (diabetes mellitus, abdominal surgery)
  • those taking medicines that cause constipation
  • those who have used other laxatives without success
  • laxative abusers chronic diarrhea may indicate: - correct answer ✅- disease of the stomach or small or large intestine
  • psychogenic
  • fist symptoms of cancer of the colon or rectum if diarrhea is severe or prolonged, it may cause: - correct answer ✅- dehydration
  • electrolyte depletion
  • physical exhaustion

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

laxatives are usually sub-classified by the - correct answer ✅mechanism of action list of laxative types: - correct answer ✅- stimulant

  • osmotic
  • saline
  • chloride channel activator
  • guanylate cyclase C agonists
  • lubricant
  • bulk-forming
  • stool softeners
  • peripheral opioid antagonists _____________________ laxatives act directly on the intestine, causing irritation that promotes peristalsis and evacuation - correct answer ✅stimulant

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

newest class of drugs approved for chronic idiopathic constipation, stimulates secretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the intestinal lumen, increasing intestinal fluid secretion which softens stools and increases motility with passage of feces - correct answer ✅guanylate cyclase C agonists ______________________ laxatives lubricate the intestinal wall and soften the stool, allowing smooth passage of fecal contents; peristaltic activity does not appear to be increased and frequent use may inhibit the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - correct answer ✅lubricant ____________________ laxatives must be administered with a full glass of water, cause water to be retained within the stool which increases bulk and stimulates peristalsis - correct answer ✅bulk-forming usually considered the safest form of laxative - correct answer ✅bulk-forming

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

also known as wetting agents, draw water into the stool causing it to soften - correct answer ✅stool softeners mu-opioid receptor antagonists that bind to opioid receptors in the GI tract, inhibiting the constipation-producing effects of opioid drugs - correct answer ✅peripheral opioid antagonists these types of laxatives should be used only intermittently because chronic use may cause loss of normal bowel function and dependency on the agent for bowel evacuation - correct answer ✅- stimulant

  • osmotic
  • chloride channel activator
  • guanylate cyclase-C agonist
  • saline

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

_______________________ are routinely used for prophylactic purposes to prevent constipation or straining at stool - correct answer ✅stool softeners do not administer laxatives to patients with: - correct answer ✅- un-diagnosed abdominal pain

  • inflammation of the GI tract (gastritis, appendicitus, colitis) common adverse effects of laxative use: - correct answer ✅- abdominal spasms
  • abdominal discomfort with flatulence
  • nausea serious adverse effects of laxative use: - correct answer ✅- abdominal tenderness
  • pain
  • bleeding
  • vomiting

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

  • diarrhea
  • increasing abdominal girth antidiarrheal agents which absorb excess water to cause a formed stool and adsorb irritants or bacteria that are causing the diarrhea - correct answer ✅locally acting agents antidiarrheal agents that act through the autonomic nervous system to reduce peristalsis and motility of the GI tract, allowing the mucosal lining to absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes leaving a formed stool in the colon - correct answer ✅systemic agents _____________________ acting antidiarrheal agents are associated with more adverse effects and should not be used to treat diarrhea caused by substances toxic to the GI tract - correct answer ✅systemically antidiarrheal products are usually indicated under the following conditions: -

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

stool softener: - correct answer ✅- ducosate sodium (Colace) list of osmotic laxatives: - correct answer ✅- glycerin (Glycerin suppositories)

  • lactulose (Constulose)
  • polyethylene glycol 3350 (MiraLax)
  • plyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (CoLyte, GoLYTELY, MoviPrep) guanylate cyclase-C agonist: - correct answer ✅- linaclotide (Linzess)
  • plecanatide (Trulance) chloride channel activator: - correct answer ✅- lubiprostone (Amitiza)

Chapter 34 Drugs Used to Treat

Constipation and Diarrhea Exam

Questions And Answers

list of saline laxatives: - correct answer ✅- magnesium citrate (Citrate of Magnesia)

  • magnesium hydroxide (Phillips' Milk of Magnesia)
  • sodium phosphates (Osmo-Prep) list of bulk-forming laxatives: - correct answer ✅- methylcellulose (Citrucel)
  • polycarbophil (FiberCon)
  • psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid (Metamucil list of peripheral opioid antagonists: - correct answer ✅- methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
  • naldemedine (Symproic)
  • naloxegol (Movantik) list of lubricant laxatives: - correct answer ✅- mineral oil (Mineral Oil)