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Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
list of factors identified as contributors to the variable response to drugs - correct answer ✅- age
- body weight
- gender
- metabolic rate
- psychology
- tolerance
- dependence
- cumulative effect age ranges most sensitive to the effects of drugs: - correct answer ✅infants and very old most pediatric doses are caculated by _____________________ per _____________________ of body weight - correct answer ✅milligrams per kilogram
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
a developing science that studies differences in the normal function of men and women and addresses how people of each gender perceive and experience disease - correct answer ✅gender-specific medicine chronic smoking ________________ the metabolism of some drugs, thereby requiring larger doses to be administered more frequently for therapeutic effect - correct answer ✅enhances patients who are in shock have reduced peripheral vascular circulation and will absorb ____________________ or _______________________ injected drugs more slowly - correct answer ✅- intramuscularly
- subcutaneously patients with conditions such as nephrotic syndrome or malnutrition may have reduces amounts of _____________ ___________________ in the blood that are necessary for adequate distribution of drugs - correct answer ✅serum proteins
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
The buildup of drug concentration in the body due to multiple doses taken within short intervals - correct answer ✅drug accumulation the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become cancerous - correct answer ✅carcinogenicity topical administration with percutaneous absorption is usually effective for __________________ because their outer layer of skin is not fully developed - correct answer ✅infants transdermal administration in _________________ patients is often difficult to predict - correct answer ✅geriatric in most cases, medicines are administered _________________ - correct answer ✅orally
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
medicines given _______________________ are usually erratically absorbed in neonates and older adults - correct answer ✅intramuscularly timed-release tablets, enteric-coated tablets, and sublingual tablets should not be ____________________ because this will increase their absorption rate and thus the potential for toxicity - correct answer ✅crushed the GI absorption of medicines is influenced by some of these factors: - correct answer ✅- gastric pH
- gastric emptying time
- motility of the GI tract
- enzymatic activity
- blood flow of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines
- permeability and maturation of the mucosal membrane
- concurrent disease processes
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
the speed at which the intestine moves foods, secretions, and other ingested matter along - correct answer ✅intestinal transit T/F: generally, a woman's stomach empties solids more slowly than a man's does, and it may have greater gastric acidity, thus slowing the absorption of certain types of medicines - correct answer ✅T T/F: women have higher gastric levels of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is needed to metabolize ingested alcohol - correct answer ✅F the distribution of a drug within the body is dependent on: - correct answer ✅- pH
- body water concentrations
- presence and quantity of fat tissue
- protein binding
- cardiac output
- regional blood flow
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
T/F: since infants have a larger volume of distribution for water- soluble drugs they require a higher dose on a milligram-per- kilogram basis than an older child or an adult - correct answer ✅T adult total body fat ranges from ___% to ___% for men - correct answer ✅18 to 36% adult total body fat ranges from ___% to ___% for women 18 to 35 years - correct answer ✅33 to 48% drugs that are highly fat soluble require a _____________ onset of action and accumulate in fat tissues, thereby prolonging their action and increasing the potential for ___________________ - correct answer ✅- longer
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
T/F: all enzyme systems are present at birth - correct answer ✅T the primary routes of metabolite excretion: - correct answer ✅- through the renal tubules into urine
- through the GI tract into feces at birth, a preterm infant has up to ___% of the renal capacity of an adult, whereas a full-term newborn has approximately ___% of that capacity - correct answer ✅- 15%
- 35% age related changes in the liver which effect drug metabolism: - correct answer ✅- liver weight
- number of functioning hepatic cells
- hepatic blood flow age-related changes in the kidneys which effect drug excretion: - correct answer ✅- decreased renal blood flow
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
- loss of glomeruli
- decreased tubular function and urine-concentrating ability the measurement of a drug's concentration in biologic fluids to correlate the dosage administered and the level of medicine in the body with the pharmacologic response - correct answer ✅therapeutic drug monitoring therapeutic drug monitoring is routine for conditions such as: - correct answer ✅- epilepsy
- stroke
- heart failure
- antimicrobial therapy the lowest blood level of medicine is referred to as a - correct answer ✅trough the highest blood level of medicine is referred to as the - correct answer ✅peak
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
correct answer ✅the dosage has been clarified on the basis of the blood levels measured T/F: in general, salicylates (aspirin) should NOT be administered to pediatric patients from infancy through adolescence - correct answer ✅T medicines that are routinely used for analgesia and antipyresis in pediatric patients are _________________ and ________________
correct answer ✅- ibuprofen
- acetaminophen a lack of complete understanding of the effects of medicines in older adults often leads to __________________ - correct answer ✅underuse when evaluating a new symptom in a geriatric patient, determine first - correct answer ✅whether it was induced by medicines the patient is taking
Chapter 3 Drug Action Across the Life
Span Exam Questions And Answers
used to evaluate prescription quality and safety in nursing homes - correct answer ✅Beers Criteria fetuses are particularly sensitive to toxic substances while in utero for the following reasons: - correct answer ✅- they have few circulating proteins that can bind drugs
- their enzyme systems are not yet developed or are immature
- their excretory systems are only minimally functioning drugs which will cause abnormal development of key tissues if they are taken at a certain time during pregnancy - correct answer ✅teratogens naturally occurring variations in the structures of genes and the instructions that they give to the organism - correct answer ✅polumorphisms
