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Application Software................................................................................................................................................. iv Software Engineering Process..................................................................................................................................... v System Analyst.......................................................................................................................................................... vi A MODERN APPROACH TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN...............VI DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEMS..............................................VII AND THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE..................................VII Systems Development Methodology......................................................................................................................... vii Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC).................................................................................................................... viii Stage 1: Planning and Requirement Analysis...................................................................................................................viii Stage 2: Defining Requirements........................................................................................................................................ix Stage 3: Designing the Product Architecture.....................................................................................................................ix Stage 4: Building or Developing the Product.....................................................................................................................ix Stage 5: Testing the Product..............................................................................................................................................ix Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance.....................................................................................................ix A SPECIALIZED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE...........................X THE HEART OF THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT.....................................XI PROCESS......................................................................................... XI THE TRADITIONAL WATERFALL SDLC................................................XII DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO IMPROVING.........................................XIII DEVELOPMENT...............................................................................XIII CASE Tools............................................................................................................................................................... xiii OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (OOAD)............................XIV SUMMARY.....................................................................................XIV REFERENCES................................................................................... XV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We want to express our profound gratefulness to our Prof. Siddhartha Shyam Vyas, Ph.D and to any other industry professionals you have connected with. I’ve acquired many additional things throughout this assignment and absolved my basics. Thank You. Manav Babbar (300166069) Signature i
INTRODUCTION This chapter explains about information systems analysis and design being a dynamic, demanding and stimulating organizational process which is used by a team of business and system professionals to develop and maintain computer-based information systems. Moreover, advancement in information technology provides a major grip or support leading to newer upgradations in the products and services provided by the organizations, the analysis and design is operated on the organizational goals and objectives. It is a rapid improvement in the services provided by the organizations by building as well as reconstructing or upgrading the systems i.e. Computing Devices. The process of manufacturing products and upgrading the products with small changes adds up a small proportion of value into the products thus leading to benefits to the company in the long run as well as fame to the company. Moreover, the usage of support centers also gradually keeps up the pace of benefits or improvements and as well as knowing the customers and facing each and every possible problem which not only brings out loop-holes in the product but also makes the organization compete in this dynamic environment. In the existing business environment, the use of internet for marketing of products is an unified way for an organization to survive in the business competition where websites such as eBay, AliExpress, Newegg, Amazon and many more web-based retailing websites are used. Although the use of websites to promote products is widely done, majority of companies use the business applications for storing business transactions, which also inherit transmission of orders and payments remaining outstanding or surplus to or from suppliers, paying to the employees, maintaining order history and collecting payments from customers, upholding business affairs and creating electronic marketplaces such as amazon app facility to purchase products online. Finding a career in information technology (IT) provides a wide range leading to :- Network Administrator IT Manager Computer Support Specialist Data Security Administrator Computer Technician The major aspect of Information Technology is Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet. There is a high majority of growth rate in Cloud Computing leading to annual income of $1.1 trillion USD.
These are software’s designed to sustain certain managerial processes, such as inventory management, payroll, or market analysis. In accordance to or environment-based software’s, the
the logic for the system developers who work on upgrading the system. However, there is a consistent relationship between 3 elements :-
The system analyst is an individual who is properly aware of the system and guides the system development project by giving the right directions. They are professional individuals that require practical and relational skills to perform training responsibilities needed after completion of each stage. System Analyst pursues to match up the goals of information system with the organization goal. They figure out the problems encountered and demands required in an organization. Thus, they work on transformation and innovation in system development. A MODERN APPROACH TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN The analysis and design of information systems started in 1950, Before any changes, the developing environment has been drastically changing based on managerial/organizational needs and rapid changes observed in the technical abilities of computers. 1950s : primarily focused on resourceful automation of existing processes, the software performed. Efficiency of software program processing was the sole objective to achieve at that time. PC’s were huge, expensive to purchase and not efficient. Applications were built in the machine language itself and they were altogether to be constructed from beginning as there was no programming industry. They thought about conserving computer memory for data storage as well.
1960s : advent of procedural third generation programming languages (3GL), There were significant discoveries in technology leading to faster and more reliable computers 1970s : system advancement enhances more like an engineering discipline. Early Database management systems were introduced using hierarchical and networking architecture, helped in creating discipline to storage department in the information technology. Process First to Data First development was introduced for DBMS(Database Management Systems). 1980s : major breakthrough with 4th^ Gen programming languages, Off-the-shelf Operating Systems were programmed for small, compact, fast as well as cheap computers, Computer- Aided Software Tools(CASE tools) were established to render systems developer’s work efficiently and effectively, object-oriented methods, shifted from line prompt interface to icon- based interfaces(such as Windows Me, Windows 1.0, etc). 1990s : focus on system integration, Developers worked on visual programming environments such as PowerBuilder and Visual Basic to create user interfaces for systems that run on client/server platforms. The Databases inheriting object oriented principles such as Oracle, Microsoft, are residing on the server itself. GUI applications, client/server platforms, Internet. The new century : Web application development, wireless PDAs and smartphones, component- based applications, per-use cloud-based application services. Greater improvements in technology leads to Wireless System components produced which can access web-based applications sitting from anywhere. However, the technological trend continues towards constructing systems from programs and mechanisms acquired off the shelf. DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
These are some standard set of rules which are followed by the analyst to build and sustain the information systems. Using the same logic used in various general processes, the development of information systems follows a life cycle.
specialized methodologies that can be followed to actualize the venture effectively with least dangers. Stage 2: Defining Requirements Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is to definitely define and document the product requirements and get them accepted from the purchaser or the market analysts. This is done thru an SRS (Software Requirement Specification) record which is composed of all the product necessities to be designed and developed during the undertaking life cycle. Stage 3: Designing the Product Architecture SRS is the reference for product architects to return out with the most effective design for the merchandise to be developed. supported the wants laid out in SRS, typically over one style approach for the merchandise design is projected and documented in a very DDS - style Document Specification. This DDS is reviewed by all the vital stakeholders and supported numerous parameters as risk assessment, product strength, style modularity, budget and time constraints, the most effective style approach is chosen for the merchandise. A style approach clearly defines all the field of study modules of the merchandise alongside its communication and information flow illustration with the external and third party modules (if any). the interior style of all the modules of the projected design ought to be clearly outlined with the minutest of the main points in DDS. Stage 4: Building or Developing the Product In this stage of SDLC the particular development starts and therefore the product is made. The programming code is generated as per DDS throughout this stage. If the look is performed in a very careful and arranged manner, code generation will be accomplished while not abundant trouble. Developers should follow the cryptography pointers outlined by their organization and programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are accustomed generate the code. totally different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java and PHP ar used for cryptography. The artificial language is chosen with relevance the kind of package being developed. Stage 5: Testing the Product This stage is typically a set of all the stages as within the fashionable SDLC models, the testing activities area unit largely concerned altogether the stages of SDLC. However, this stage refers to the testing solely stage of the merchandise wherever product defects area unit reportable, tracked, mounted and retested, till the merchandise reaches the standard standards outlined within the SRS. Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance Once the product is tested and prepared to be deployed it's free formally within the applicable market. Generally, product preparation happens piecemeal as per the business strategy of that organization. the merchandise could 1st be free during a restricted phase and tested within the
real business atmosphere (UAT- User acceptance testing). Then supported the feedback, the merchandise could also be free because it is or with urged enhancements within the targeting market section. once the merchandise is free within the market, its maintenance is completed for the present client base. A SPECIALIZED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
implementation into one. Instead of systems requirements being produced in analysis, systems specifications being created in design, and coding and testing being done at the beginning of implementation, current practice combines all of these activities into a single analysis–design– code–test process. The mix of behaviors is indicative of Agile Methodologies ' current practices. EXtreme Programming is a well-known example of one of the Agile Methodologies, although there are other variants. THE TRADITIONAL WATERFALL SDLC Waterfall Model method that is also called Liner Sequential Life Cycle Model. Waterfall Model followed in the sequential order, and so project improvement team most effective movements to next section of improvement or checking out if the previous step completed successfully. Advantages of Waterfall Model: It is one the perfect version to control. Because of its nature, each segment has specific deliverables and a evaluate process. It works properly for smaller size projects where requirements are without problems understandable. Faster shipping of the challenge Process and outcomes are nicely documented. Easily adaptable technique for transferring teams This undertaking control methodology is beneficial to manage dependencies.
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO IMPROVING DEVELOPMENT
Other efforts to improve the systems improvement system have taken advantage of the blessings offered by means of computing technology itself. The result has been the creation and fairly significant use of computer-aided software program engineering (CASE) tools. CASE gear has been developed for inner use and for sale via numerous leading firms, however, the satisfactory recognized is the collection of Rational tools made with the aid of IBM. CASE gear is used to assist a wide variety of SDLC activities. CASE gear may be used to help in a couple of levels of the SDLC: mission identification and selection, task initiation and planning, analysis, design, and implementation and maintenance. An included and popular database called a repository is the common approach for offering product and device integration, and has been a key component in enabling CASE to extra easily control larger, more complicated tasks and to seamlessly integrate records across numerous gear and products
REFERENCES [ CITATION SDL \l 16393 ] [ CITATION Var11 \l 16393 ]
