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CANADA COMMERCIAL PILOT CPAER EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
Does a CAT 1 Medical time period start on the Exam date or Issuance date? -- Answer ✔✔ Exam Date A Pilot Proficiency Check (PPC) and ___________ __________ are very similar. Except a PPC may be required for IFR currency requirements. -- Answer ✔✔ Competency Check What is the difference between an AOC and a COA? -- Answer ✔✔ AOC= Air Operator's Certificate COA= Certificate of Airworthiness Maximum Air Speed Rules are always in what type of Airspeed? -- Answer ✔✔ Indicated Knots (KIAS) How Long is Cat 3 Medical Exam Good for if over 40? -- Answer ✔✔ 2 years When flying from a altimeter setting region to a Standard Pressure Region you should set your altimeter to 29.92 just __________ entering the SPR -- Answer ✔✔ After
What is the main difference between a reportable aviation incident and accident? -- Answer ✔✔ a Reportable aviation Incident does not apply to small aircraft (> 5,700 kg). It covers emergencies (fire, going off runway, Control issues) that could have resulted in a major accident. Pilots operating at an uncontrolled Aerodrome at which no ground station exists or frequency is published should broadcast on -- Answer ✔✔ 123. When is refueling of an air taxi flight not permitted with passengers on board? -- Answer ✔✔ When the pilot-in-command is not available to monitor the fueling how many hours can a flight crew log in a 24 hour period? If the pilot is single engine IFR how many hours can be logged? -- Answer ✔✔ 14 and 8 When should you carry a journey Log on an Aircraft? -- Answer ✔✔ At all times unless the aircraft will not land and shutdown at another location. When penetrating the ADIZ ETA must be within ________ minutes and _________ NMs. -- Answer ✔✔ 5 20 In a carburetor the fuel to air ratio is governed by... -- Answer ✔✔ Mass (or weight) What happens to the Fuel/Air ratio when Carb heat is applied? As a result what should you do for prolong carb heat usage. -- Answer ✔✔ Air is warmer therefore less dense so you should lean the mixture for prolong use of Carb heat. What happens to an engine when fuel is not leaned at high altitudes? -- Answer ✔✔ the fuel to air mixture becomes too rich this results in a drop of RPMs and spark plugs may foul. This will also result an more fuel used than calculated as per the POH.
What will happen to the altimeter if the static port gets blocked? -- Answer ✔✔ It will freeze on the last altitude before blockage Where can you find the CRFI recommended value for a specific crosswind? -- Answer ✔✔ Under that specific crosswind in the Chart titled Crosswind limits for CRFI What is a trough and how is it depicted on a GFA? -- Answer ✔✔ It is an elongated are of low pressure and is shown as a single purple line. What does a double purple line indicate on a GFA? -- Answer ✔✔ an upper air trough. What is the difference between a trowal and a trough and how is each depicted on a GFA? -- Answer ✔✔ A Trowal (or an occluded front) occurs when cold air catches up with warm air. It is shown on the GFA as zipper cold and warm front. A trough is an elongated area of low pressure. It is shown on the GFA as a single purple line. You takeoff with and the field altimeter setting is 30.12. Along the route while level at 5,000 you check the AWOS at a nearby airport and it 30.02. What altitude are you actually at? -- Answer ✔✔ 4, You takeoff with and the field altimeter setting is 29.80. Along the route while level at 5,000 you check the AWOS at a nearby airport and it 30.00. What altitude are you actually at? -- Answer ✔✔ 5, Define dew point -- Answer ✔✔ The temperature to which air must be cooled at a constant pressure to becomes saturated. How do you estimate the base height of a cloud using the dew point and temperature? -
- Answer ✔✔ Temperature - Dew point (Dew point spread) x 400.
At what rate does saturated air cool and at what rate does dry air cool? -- Answer ✔✔ Saturated=1.5 degrees/1000 feet dry= 3 degrees/1000 feet Stratus clouds are known for what type of precipitation? -- Answer ✔✔ Drizzle If winds are veering, which direction are they shifting too? -- Answer ✔✔ Clockwise Typically during climb out what do the winds do? -- Answer ✔✔ Veer and increase What is the Air mass that usually occurs only in the winter time over Canada? -- Answer ✔✔ continental Arctic (cA) What is the Air mass that usually occurs only in the summer time over Canada? -- Answer ✔✔ Maritime Tropical (mT) What are the two air masses that are very rare for Canada? -- Answer ✔✔ cP and cT. Decode the following METAR: RMK SF5NS3 SLP134 -- Answer ✔✔ Remarks:5 oktas Stratus fractus 3 oktas Nimbostratus Sea level pressure: 1013.4 hPa Decode the following METAR: RMK SN2SC6 SLP270 -- Answer ✔✔ Remarks: 2 oktas Stratus Nimbus 6 oktas stratus cumulus Seal level pressure: 1027.0 hpa How do you calculate the Freezing level within a cloud? EG= Elevation 900 ft Surface Temp = 24 c Dew Point = 15 C -- Answer ✔✔ 1. First get the Cloud Base (Dew point Spread X 400)
What is the difference between the MEA and the MOCA -- Answer ✔✔ MEA is the Minimum En route altitude which provides obstruction clearance as well as navigational signal coverage. MOCA (minimum obstacle clearance altitude) provides Obstacle clearance but only provides navigational signal for only 22 NM from a VOR What is the frequency range for VORs -- Answer ✔✔ 108.0-117.95 MHz What is the frequency range for voice transmissions within the Airband? -- Answer ✔✔ 118 - 136.975 MHz What must a pilot do to stay current? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Every 6 months: Complete 5 takeoffs and landings to carry passengers. If flying at Night, the TO/Landings must be at night as well.
- Every 2 years: Complete (one of the following); Flight Review, TC Aviation Seminar, TC approved recurrent Training Program, Self paced study program, PPC.
- Every 5 years: Fly as PIC or SIC at least once in a Category of AC for which you're licensed. Mult-engine PIC (PPC or PCC) -- Answer ✔✔ PPC Multi-engine SIC requiring a type rating (PPC or PCC) -- Answer ✔✔ PCC Single-engine aeroplanes flown with passengers night VFR or with passengers IFR (PPC or PCC) -- Answer ✔✔ PPC What type of flying requires a PPC (3 items) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Multi-engine aeroplanes
- Single-engine aeroplanes flown with passengers night VFR or with passengers IFR
- Aeroplane requiring a type rating SIC must complete a PPC initially for the type rating (if the pilot does not have the type rating)
What type of flying requires a PCC (3 items) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Single-engine aeroplanes flown with passengers or cargo day VFR.
- Single-engine aeroplanes flown with cargo only night VFR or cargo only IFR
- Multi-engine SIC of an aeroplane requiring two-crew (type rating) VFR or IFR (The PIC would do the PPC every time) What is the Requirement for caring a Journey Log on board and what is the requirement for Filing a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary. -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Journey Log must be carried anytime the engine will be shut down other than the departure Airport.. 2, Flight Plan or Itinerary for all flights beyond 25 NM radius from the departure aerodrome. For VFR OTT, the minimum weather conditions required at destination must be forecast to exist.... before to..... after the ETA when using a TAF and..... before to..... after the ETA when using a GFA (if no TAF exists). -- Answer ✔✔ 1 hour, 2 hours, 1 hour, 3 hours Flight Crew members for an air taxi Services must make _____ takeoffs and landings in _________ ___________ -- Answer ✔✔ 3 90 days An air taxi operator must conduct emergency training procedures... -- Answer ✔✔ initially and annually. You're flying over a mountain range at 11,500 (Cabin Pressure Altitude) ASL. It will take 45 minutes. How long do you need to be on Oxygen? -- Answer ✔✔ 45 Minutes (The entire time you will be above 10,000') What is the Mnemonic for Required equipment for Day VFR? -- Answer ✔✔ Tomato Flames
If you use too low of a viscosity oil in your engine you will get what type of oil pressure reading? -- Answer ✔✔ Low Oil Pressure If you use too high of a viscosity oil in your engine you will get what type of oil pressure reading? -- Answer ✔✔ High oil pressure Centrifugal force which acts towards the outside or inside of the turn? -- Answer ✔✔ Outside Centripetal force which acts towards the outside or inside of the turn? -- Answer ✔✔ Inside At what bank angle is the load factor doubled and what G would this be? -- Answer ✔✔ 60 degrees and 2 Gs If a POH is not available what is a good rule of thumb for determining the max crosswind of an AC? -- Answer ✔✔ 20% of stall speed. What are the uses of wing fences and winglets? -- Answer ✔✔ To Less vortices and reducing induced drag Describe the differences between parasite drag and induced drag? -- Answer ✔✔ Parasite drag is caused by everything but the lift created by the wings (skin, Antennas, struts, wheels, etc.) and induced drag is the by-product of lift being created. When is more Thrust Produced on the ground stationary or immediately at rotation? Why? -- Answer ✔✔ on the Ground stationary. This is because before the Aircraft start to move there is no drag being created.
Describe what happens to the ASI when the Pitot tube opening and drain hole are blocke but the static port remains open? -- Answer ✔✔ The Ram Pressure gets trapped so ASI will freeze. However, if you climb the air will get thinner and your ASI will increase. The opposite happens if you descend. Describe what happens if both the Pitot Tube (All holes) and the Static Port gets blocked with Ice -- Answer ✔✔ Everything will freeze What does WAM mean? -- Answer ✔✔ Weight X Arm = Moment For W&B questions on the exam, it is better to a. draw out a table and use the WAM formula to determine the Moment b. Use the Chart to determine the Moment -- Answer ✔✔ Draw out a table. This will save time and provide more exact CG calculations What does IWAM mean? -- Answer ✔✔ Item Weight Arm Moment What is the best way to Interpolate between two numbers -- Answer ✔✔ sum the total and divide by 2 What causes wind? -- Answer ✔✔ horizontal differences in air pressure What is an Isothermal layer? -- Answer ✔✔ A vertical column of air having a constant temperature with height. List and describe 5 lifting agents -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Orographic Lift- Air moving up mountains (ie: Appalachian)
- Frontal Iift- Cold front pushes warm air up
- Convergence- In the center of a low pressure area winds converge and rise.
What cloud type is usually associated with the passage of a warm front? -- Answer ✔✔ Stratus (ST) or Nimbo Stratus (NS) What happens to the dew point as a A: Cold Front passes B: Warm Front passes -- Answer ✔✔ Cold Front passage= Sharp Drop (just like the temp) Warm Front passage= Dew point remains steady As a cold front passes what happens (Winds, Temp, Pressure, Precip, visibility, dewpoint) -- Answer ✔✔ Winds=Gusting, Veer and increase Temp= sudden drop Pressure= Sharp rise Clouds= CB Percip= Formed by warm air expanding as it is lifted by the advancing cold air. Results in SH+, TR, GR Visibility= Poor but improving Dew Point= Sharp Drop As a warm front passes what happens (Winds, Temp, Pressure, Precip, visibility, dewpoint) -- Answer ✔✔ Winds= Variable and veers Temp= steady rise pressure= leveling off clouds= ST NS Precip= DZ or none Visibility= poor but improving Dew Point= steady Describe the stages of a Thunderstorm -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Cumulus or Developing stage: Dominated by updrafts
- Mature Stage: Updrafts and downdrafts
- Dissipating Stage-Downdraft dominated Describe the Cumulus Stage of a thunderstorm. -- Answer ✔✔ 1. As water vapor condenses into liquid, latent heat is released which warms the air at a fast rate than surrounding air.
- updrafts hold the water droplets and ice crystals so rain is unable to fall
- Some updrafts can reach up to 45 MPH Describe the mature Stage of a thunderstorm. -- Answer ✔✔ 1. The warmer air continues to rise until it reaches the tropopause where it spreads out horizontally creating the anvil shape.
- Water droplets coalesce into larger heavier droplets and freeze to become ice particles. As they fall the melt to becomes rain.
- Updrafts can reach 65 MPH or 6000 FPM
- Down drafts and updrafts occur at this stage
- This is the most intense part of the storm (Precip, tb, Thunder and lightning). Describe the dissipating Stage of a thunderstorm. -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Predominately downdrafts
- Microburst
- downdraft will cut off the inflow of updrafts those dissipating the storm. Is it possible to tell how sever a Thunderstorm is by looking at it? -- Answer ✔✔ No, The visible thunderstorm cloud is only a portion of a turbulent system of updrafts and downdrafts. As such Severe (plane breaking) TB can extend up to 20 NM from a Thunderstorm. How far must you fly from a Thunderstorm? -- Answer ✔✔ 20 NM
- Thrust Decreases
- Drag Increases
- Weight increase What is the maximum bank angle which should be used if your Aircraft has ice? -- Answer ✔✔ 5 degrees Describe Rime Icing -- Answer ✔✔ Found at temperatures between - 10 ° and - 20 °C Small water droplets freeze instantaneously, retaining shape
- Air bubbles do not escape, causing opaque (milky white) color and brittleness
- Found in stratiform clouds; stable conditions What are the three factors that have an effect on the rate of ice accumulation? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Airfoil Shape (thinner airfoil collects more ice)
- airfoil Speed (Higher speed higher catch rate)
- Droplet size (larger in TCU, CB, ACC) What are the six types of fog -- Answer ✔✔ UFairs
- Upslope (Moist air moves up rising Terrain)
- Frontal (Warmer rain falls into colder area below, typical with Warm fronts or Trowals)
- Advection (Common Coastal ares, typical when warm area flows from the sea to the ground at night )
- Ice (occurs from exhaust from engines, most be very cold)
- Radiation (Common on clear nights-Early morning)
- Steam (occurs over water when dry air cold air mixes with water vapor, eg: Cold dry air from cleveland flowing into Erie).
Does Cold air chase hot air or hot air chase cold air? Why? -- Answer ✔✔ Cold air chases hot air because cold air is more dense (Higher pressure) then warm air (low pressure). What is absolute altitude -- Answer ✔✔ The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface. In regards to Altimeter Setting Region and Standard Pressure Region. When do you change your altimeter? -- Answer ✔✔ Always in the SPR What type of altitude is used for Service Ceilings (Indicated, Pressure, or Density)? -- Answer ✔✔ Density What is true altitude? -- Answer ✔✔ The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level. Which publication shows updates and changes to VFR maps? -- Answer ✔✔ CFS How often must a commercial pilots working for a commercial operator undergo recurrent training program? -- Answer ✔✔ 12 months In an air taxi service the minimum obstacle clearance during the day is -- Answer ✔✔ 300 ft vertically 300 feet horizontally The maximum flight time a pilot is allowed to fly in 30 days if on call is -- Answer ✔✔ 100 hours How often must a pitot static system be inspected on an aircraft operating IFR? -- Answer ✔✔ 24 months
Describe the VFR OTT Weather Requirements -- Answer ✔✔ 1. 5,000 between cloud layers, 5 SM at Cruising Alt
- Dest WX= CLR or SCT, 5 SM, wno FG, RA, TS, BS for 1 hour before and 2 hour after for TAF and 1 hour before and 3 hours after for GFA How many hours can a pilot fly in 7 Consecutive days in air taxi ops? -- Answer ✔✔ 60 Describe the maximum flight time limits for Air Taxi ops -- Answer ✔✔ 1. 1200 hours per 365 days
- 300 hours per 90 days
- 120 hours per 30 days
- 60 hours per 7 days
- 8 hours per 24 hours (For single pilot IFR)
- 14 hours per 24 hours Daily flight time may be extended up to how many hours under what circumstance? -- Answer ✔✔ 3 hours if unforeseen operational circumstances occur Jet streams develop more readily when the structure of the atmosphere below features -- Answer ✔✔ strong horizontal temperature gradients and abrupt change in tropopause height. When converting from true course to magnetic heading, a pilot should remember... -- Answer ✔✔ East is least and west is best When converting from magnetic heading to a true course , a pilot should _________ for easterly headings and __________ for westerly headings. -- Answer ✔✔ Add for East and Subtract for West.
When Reading winds the heading will be ___________ and when hearing the winds on AWOS/ATIS it will be ________ -- Answer ✔✔ True, Magnetic Describe the 1 in 60 rule -- Answer ✔✔ It is a rule of thumb which states that if a pilot is one mile off track after 60 miles than they are one degree off track. After 30 miles you realize you are two miles off track. how many degrees from the original heading should you correct your track? -- Answer ✔✔ 8 degrees. Using the Rule of 1 in 60 you determine you are 4 degrees off track. To correct this, you must double the degrees. Using the Rule of 1 and 60 what calculation should you use to determine how many degrees you are off track? -- Answer ✔✔ (Miles off track/Miles Flown) X 60 The (large font) figure on a VNC and a Lo Chart that represents the lowest Safes altitude is known as the A. Minimum Terrain Clearance altitude B. Area Minimum Altitude C. Lowest Safe altitude -- Answer ✔✔ B How do you determine the correct bank angle to perform a rate one turn? -- Answer ✔✔ 15% of KAS = Bank Angle Describe how to do a VOT VOR Test -- Answer ✔✔ Select OBS to 360° with a FROM flag and the CDI should be within 4° of the centre. Select OBS to 180° with a TO flag and the CDI should be within 4° of the centre. What are the VFR minimums in uncontrolled Airspace? -- Answer ✔✔ Below 1, AGL= Clear of clouds, 2 SM (3 at night)
