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BRAILLE SYMBOLS IN PHONOLOGY
GLYPH, [ TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
left square bracket, DOTS,
MEANING, begin phonetic transcription,
GLYPH, ] TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
right square bracket, DOTS,
MEANING, end phonetic transcription,
GLYPH, / TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Slash, DOTS, 45-34, MEANING, begin/end phonemic transcription, it is also used before the environment in a phonological rule, it means, in the environment of,
GLYPH, TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Arrow, DOTS, 1256- 135, MEANING, A linear arrow is used to represent change, it means, turns into, becomes,
GLYPH, _ TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Underscore, DOTS, 456, MEANING, Placeholder for the sound to which something happens, for instance it may change, may be deleted or inserted, EXAMPLE, This sample will be a representation that includes a slash, a voiceless bilabial stop, a slash, an arrow to indicate that the phoneme becomes one of its allophones, a left square bracket, a voiceless bilabial oral stop, a right square bracket, a slash for describing the environment of the sound change, and an underscore as a placeholder. 45-34, 1234, 45- 34, 1256- 135, 45-12356, 1234, 45-23456, 45-34, 234, 456 , Here, the phoneme voiceless bilabial oral stop is realized as an unaspirated voiceless bilabial oral stop when it follows the voiceless alveolar fricative,
expressing that the feature, voicing is absent, that means the sound is voicelessness,
GLYPH, V TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Capital V, DOTS, 6-1236, MEANING, A capital V represents all of the vowels,
GLYPH, C TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Capital C, DOTS, 6-14, MEANING, A capital C represents all of the consonants,
GLYPH, ∅ TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Empty set, DOTS, 1256- 356, MEANING, The empty set symbol is used for expressing that there is nothing. WithVia insertion, that nothing becomes something, EXAMPLE, This abstract sample will be a phonological rule that includes an empty set, an arrow, a capital c for consonants, a slash for describing the environment, two capital v for vowels and an underscore. 1256-356, 1256- 135, 6-14, 45- 34, 6-1236, 456, 6-1236, This rule means, insert a consonant in the environment of two vowels, specifically between the two vowels. Therefore, it is a consonant epenthesis rule,
GLYPH, $ TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Dollar, DOTS, 4-234, MEANING, A dollar symbol is used to signify a syllable boundary, that is, the end or beginning of a syllable, EXAMPLE, This abstract sample will be a phonological rule that includes a capital c for consonants, an arrow, an empty set, a slash for the environment, an underscore and a dollar symbol. 6-14, 1256-135, 1256-356, 45-34, 456, 4-234, This means, a consonant is deleted at the end of a syllable,
GLYPH, ‘ TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Apostrophe, DOTS, 3, MEANING, Apostrophe signifies primary stress before the stressed element, EXAMPLE, The word, apple, has primary stress on the first syllable. The apostrophe should come before that syllable. Therefore, it is, 45-12356, 3, 146, 1234, 26, 123, 45- 23456,
GLYPH, ˌ TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Low vertical line, DOTS, We could not find the dots for this symbol MEANING, A low vertical line represents secondary stress before the stressed element,
EXAMPLE,
GLYPH, x TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Lowercase x, DOTS, 1346, MEANING, This is a voiceless velar fricative, EXAMPLE, The last sound in the word Bach is a voiceless velar fricative,
GLYPH, c TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Lowercase c, DOTS, 14, MEANING, This is a voiceless palatal oral stop,
GLYPH, . TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Period, DOTS, 3, MEANING, syllable break, EXAMPLE, To break the word, baby, into its syllables, we can put a dot after the mid front unrounded tense vowel. 12, 15, 3, 12, 24,
GLYPH, * TYPOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION,
Asterisk, DOTS, 5-35, MEANING, Ungrammatical, EXAMPLE, You should put this, before, an ungrammatical element. For example, 5-35, 12, 24, 4-12456, that is the word, be, to exist, pronounced with a nasalized vowel in English. As there is no nasal in the same syllable, this vowel should not have been nasalized in English.
- ses özelliğinin başına gelirse, iki morpheme’in birbirine linear olarak eklenmesi demek *ungrammatical Tap/flap : long,
V (represents all of the vowels ). C (capital, represents consonants) Ok işareti ( turns into, becomes ) / (in the environment of …) Dolar sembolü, syllable boundary ‘ yukarıdan kesme işareti primary stress Aşağıdan kesme çizgisi secondary stress Boş küme işareti (nothing becomes something, insertion ) X,c,ç,
