Brachial plexus of nerves, Slides of Medical Sciences

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Dr. Ilma AHMAD. MD

The brachial plexus is a network ( plexus ) of nerves (formed by the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit.

Brachial Plexus ---- Roots

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C

to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of

the plexus. The roots emerge from

the transverse processes of the

cervical vertebrae immediately

posterior to the vertebral artery.

Brachial Plexus ----Roots, Trunks,

Divisions

Each trunk splits

into an anterior

division and a

posterior division.

Brachial Plexus ----Roots,

Trunks,Divisions,Cords

The cords are formed by recombination of the six divisions to three nerve fibres. They are named by their position relative to the axillary artery.

Location

• Roots– Behind scalenus anterior, emerge between scalene muscles
• Trunks -cross lower part of posterior triangle of neck
• Divisions - behind clavicle
• Cords - arranged around 2nd part of Axillary artery in axilla.
• Supraclavicular part - roots and trunks
• Infraclavicular part – cord and branches

Branches of Brachial Plexus Supraclavicular Infraclavicular From the roots : 1.Dorsal scapular Nv (C5) – Rhomboideus Maj & minor 2.Br to join Phrenic Nv 3.Long thoracic Nv (C5-C7) – Serratus anterior. 4.Muscular branches to Longus colli & Scalenii. From the trunk : 1.Nv to subclavius 2.Suprascapular nv (C5-C6)- Supra & Infra spinatus.

Lateral Cord branches: (LML) 1.Lateral Pectoral Nv (C5-C7) – Supplies Pectoralis Maj & minor 2.Musculo cutaneous Nv (C5-C7) – Supplies Choracobrachialis, Biceps brachi (both head) and medial part of Brachialis. 3.Lateral root of Median Nv (C5-C7). Medial Cord branches: (M 4

U)

1.Medial Pectoral Nv (C5-C7) – Supplies Pectoralis Maj & minor 2.Medial cutaneous Nv of forearm 3.Medial cutaneous Nv of arm 4.Medial root of Median Nv (C8-T1). 5.Ulnar Nv (C8-T1). Postreior Cord branches: (ULMAR) 1.Upper subscapular Nv (C5-C6) – Upper part of subscapularis. 2.Lower subscapular Nv (C5-C6) – Lower part of subscapularis & Teres major. 3.Middle subscapular (Thoracodorsal) Nv – Latissimus dorsi. 4.Axillary Nv (C5-C6) – Supplies Deltoid and Teres minor 5.Radial Nv (C5,C6,C7,C8 & T1)) – Triceps, Anconeus, Brachioradialis and all the