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BODY MECHANICS REVIEWER FOR NURSING STUDENT, Summaries of Nursing

Tarlac State University (TSU)Nursing

A fundamentals in nursing subject and a skill about body mechanics for 1st year nursing students reviewer. by E.Ramos

Typology: Summaries

2022/2023

Available from 07/25/2024

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NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING-BODY
MECHANICS/MOBILITY/POSITIONING/MOVING/TRANSFERRING SKILLS LAB
BODY MECHANICS- term used to describe the ways we move as we go about our daily lives. It includes
how we hold our bodies when we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep. Poor body mechanics are often
the cause of back problems.
PURPOSE OF BODY MECHANICS: Maintain balance, posture, and alignment during moving, transferring,
and positioning patients. Conserve energy, reduce stress and strain on body structures, reduce the
possibility of personal injury, and produce movements that are safe.
PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS:
1. Assess the environment.
2. Plan the move.
3. Avoid over stretching and twisting.
4. Ensure proper body stance.
5. Stand close to the object being moved.
6. Face direction of the movement.
7. Work at waist level.
8. Reduce friction between surfaces.
9. Bend the knees and not on your waist.
10. Push the object rather than pull it, and maintain continuous movement.
11. Use assistive devices.
12. Work with others.
COMMON PATIENT POSITIONS:
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NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING-BODY

MECHANICS/MOBILITY/POSITIONING/MOVING/TRANSFERRING SKILLS LAB

BODY MECHANICS- term used to describe the ways we move as we go about our daily lives. It includes how we hold our bodies when we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep. Poor body mechanics are often the cause of back problems. PURPOSE OF BODY MECHANICS: Maintain balance, posture, and alignment during moving, transferring, and positioning patients. Conserve energy, reduce stress and strain on body structures, reduce the possibility of personal injury, and produce movements that are safe. PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS:

  1. Assess the environment.
  2. Plan the move.
  3. Avoid over stretching and twisting.
  4. Ensure proper body stance.
  5. Stand close to the object being moved.
  6. Face direction of the movement.
  7. Work at waist level.
  8. Reduce friction between surfaces.
  9. Bend the knees and not on your waist.
  10. Push the object rather than pull it, and maintain continuous movement.
  11. Use assistive devices.
  12. Work with others. COMMON PATIENT POSITIONS:
  1. Fowler's position , also known as sitting position , is typically used for neurosurgery and shoulder surgeries. The beach chair position is often used for nasal surgeries, abdominoplasty, and breast reduction surgeries. When positioning a patient in Fowler's position, the surgical staff should minimize the degree of the patient's head elevation as much as possible and always maintain the head in a neutral position. The patient's arms should be flexed and secured across the body, the buttocks should be padded, and the knees flexed 30 degrees. In Fowler's position, the patient is at an increased risk for air embolism, skin injury from shearing and sliding, and DVT forming in the patient's lower extremities. In this type of position, a patient has an increased pressure risk in their scapulae, sacrum, coccyx, ischium, back of knees, and heels. Low Fowler’s , like Supine Position , is when a patient’s head is included at a 15–30-degree angle. This position can be used post-procedure, to reduce lower back pain, administer drugs and prevent aspiration during tube feeding. Low Fowler’s position is considered the best position for patients to rest. In Semi Fowler’s Position , the patient is usually on their back. The bed angle is between 30 degrees and 45 degrees. The legs of the patient may be straight or bent. Semi Fowler’s Position can be used when the patient faces difficulty breathing or is undergoing breathing treatments and when drainage occurs after an abdominoplasty. Due to the positioning Semi Fowler’s position is the preferred position during childbirth to improve the comfort of the mother.4 Also, patients experience less nausea in this position compared to patients lying down.
  2. In supine position, the patient is face up with their head resting on a pad positioner or pillow and their neck in a neutral position. The patient's arms, maintained in a neutral thumb-up or supinated position, may be tucked at their sides or abducted to less than 90 degrees on arm boards. The supine position is commonly used during induction of anesthesia and emergence from anesthesia during a surgical procedure. It is also used in several types of surgery, including cranial surgery, where the flexibility of the neck and the ability to rotate the torso allows access to most brain lesions.
  3. The Prone position is a patient position used during surgical procedures that provide surgical access to the dorsal aspects of the patient's body. In the prone position, the patient is positioned face-down with their head in a neutral position without excessive flexion, extension, or rotation. The prone position is often used for spine and neck surgeries, neurosurgery, colorectal surgeries, vascular surgeries, and tendon repairs. The prone position produces an increase in functional residual capacity and alterations in the distribution of both ventilation and perfusion throughout the lungs.
  4. The lateral position is described as side-lying with pillows strategically placed along the patient's back, and possibly buttocks, and a pillow placed between the patient's flexed legs to prevent adduction and internal rotation of the hip. The benefits of lateral positioning include increased patient comfort; prevention of pressure injury; and reduced deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, atelectasis, and pneumonia.
  5. The Trendelenburg position is a position for a patient on the operating table, most commonly used during lower abdominal surgeries and central venous catheter placement. In Trendelenburg position, the patient is supine on the table with their head declined below their feet at an angle of roughly 16°. In the reverse trendelenburg position , patients are placed in a supine position, which is inclined at 30 degree angle, so that the head is higher than the pelvis and the leg is lower than hip. This position is used for laparoscopic surgeries including gallbladder, biliary tract, and stomach procedures as well as head and neck surgeries.
  6. The Sims position , or left lateral Sims position, named after the gynecologist J. Marion Sims, is usually used for rectal examination, treatments, enemas, and examining women for vaginal wall prolapse. BEDSORES can happen when a person is bedridden or otherwise immobile, unconscious, or unable to sense pain. Bedsores are ulcers that happen on areas of the skin that are under pressure from

REMINDERS ON USING ASSISTIVE DEVICES:

  1. Crutches: 2-3 fingers width between the crutch and underarm; slight bend in the elbow; weight goes through the hands, nerve damage can result if weight is placed on the armpits for a long period of time; bottom end of the crutches more than shoulder width apart.
  2. Most people do well with a cane that has a single tip. A quad cane, which has four tips, provides a broader base of support. But that type of cane can be heavier and more cumbersome to use. Quad canes may help lower the risk of falls in people who are recovering from a stroke. To check for proper height of cane, put on your usual footwear and stand in a relaxed position, with arms hanging naturally by your side. Top of the cane handle should be at user’s wrist level or hip joint. Elbows are slightly. UP AND DOWN THE STAIRS:
  3. Always use an elevator if available.
  4. Have someone guard you to help you if you lose your balance.
  5. When there is no handrail, keep 1 crutch under each arm.
  6. If the stairs are slippery or steep, it may be safer to lift or lower yourself from step to step. Hold both crutch in one hand and the other arm will hold the handrail.
  7. Step up with the unaffected leg, step down with your affected leg.
  8. Do not hop.
  9. Maintain your balance.