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Biology Student Exploration: Gizmo Senses, Exams of Biology

University of LeedsBiology

Question: What happens when stimuli are detected by sense organs? 1. Observe: Drag the apple into the Stimulus box and the tongue into the Sense organ box. Click Play. A. What does the tongue detect? B. What happens along the neural pathway when the tongue detects the stimulus? The glowing dot represents the transmission of a nerve impulse along the nerves that make up the neural pathway. A nerve impulse is an electrical signal that travels from one nerve cell to another. C. Which part of the brain processes this signal? 2. Compare: Click Reset. Select the speaker for the stimulus and the ear. Click Play. A. What part of the brain detects the signal from the ear?

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Student Exploration: Senses
Activity A:
Senses and the
brain
Get the Gizmo ready :
• On the NEURAL PATHWAYS tab, click
Reset ( ).
Question: What happens when stimuli are detected by sense organs?
1. Observe : Drag the apple into the Stimulus box and the tongue into the Sense organ
box. Click Play.
A. What does the tongue detect?
B. What happens along the neural pathway when the tongue detects the stimulus?
The glowing dot represents the transmission of a nerve impulse along the
nerves that make up the neural pathway. A nerve impulse is an electrical signal
that travels from one nerve cell to another.
C. Which part of the brain processes this signal?
2. Compare : Click Reset. Select the speaker for the stimulus and the ear. Click Play.
A. What part of the brain detects the signal from the ear?
B. What are similarities between this pathway and the pathway in question 1?
C. Test other stimuli that produce sound. Are all of these stimuli processed in the
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Student Exploration: Senses

Activity A: Senses and the brain Get the Gizmo ready:

  • On the NEURAL PATHWAYS tab, click Reset ( ). Question: What happens when stimuli are detected by sense organs?
  1. Observe: Drag the apple into the Stimulus box and the tongue into the Sense organ box. Click Play. A. What does the tongue detect? B. What happens along the neural pathway when the tongue detects the stimulus? The glowing dot represents the transmission of a nerve impulse along the nerves that make up the neural pathway. A nerve impulse is an electrical signal that travels from one nerve cell to another. C. Which part of the brain processes this signal?
  2. Compare: Click Reset. Select the speaker for the stimulus and the ear. Click Play. A. What part of the brain detects the signal from the ear? B. What are similarities between this pathway and the pathway in question 1? C. Test other stimuli that produce sound. Are all of these stimuli processed in the

same part of the brain?

2019 When a signal is processed by the spinal cord, it is called a reflex. These responses are involuntary , which means they occur without thought.

  1. Observe: Select the ice cube and the hand. Click Play and observe. A. Which part of the brain processes hot and cold? B. Click Next and Play again. What happens when the signal travels back to the hand? When the body is cold, a part of the brain called the hypothalamus sends a signal through the spinal cord to the muscles, which start to shiver to generate heat. Activity B: Vision and hearing Get the Gizmo ready:
  • Select the SENSE ORGANS tab.
  • With Eye selected, click the left circle to enlarge. Question: How do the eye and ear detect stimuli?
  1. Observe: Select Show labels. On the image to the right, label the lens and retina. Watch the yellow light waves enter the eye. On the image to the right, draw two lines to represent light waves. What do you notice when light passes the lens? The focusing of light by the lens results in an upside-down image on the retina.
  2. Observe: Select the central circle. The squiggly lines represent light waves of different colors. As on the first tab, the glowing yellow dots represent nerve impulses. A. What do you see?

rods and cones. Label these on the diagram. Turn off Show labels and view the animation carefully. Which cells detect colors? C. On the diagram, label one path that a signal can follow in order from 1 to 3.

  1. Describe: Select the right circle. Signals from the eye travel to the brain via the optic nerve. A. Turn on Show labels. Describe the path of the signal (yellow dot) through the brain. Most sensory signals are routed through a region of the brain called the thalamus. B. Read the description above the circles. What happens when the signal reaches the visual cortex? (Activity B continued on next page) Activity B (continued from previous page)
  2. Label: Select Ear. Click on the left circle to watch what happens when sound waves enter the ear. Turn on Show labels. A. Notice there are three main parts to the ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and ear canal. The middle ear includes everything between the eardrum and cochlea. The inner ear consists of the cochlea and semicircular canals. On the diagram below, label the anvil , cochlea , ear canal , ear drum , hammer , pinna and stirrup.

B. Why do you think light-touch receptors are found at the skin’s surface while strong- pressure receptors are found deeper down? C. Watch the remaining circles and describe how signals travel from somatosensory nerves to the somatosensory cortex.

  1. Observe: Select Nose and enlarge the left circle. Where do the scent particles travel?
  2. Label: Select the center circle to see the pathway from chemoreceptor cells to the olfactory bulb. Observe the neural signals that are produced when scent particles (white dots) hit the top of the nose. On the diagram, label the pathway from 1 to 4.
  3. Observe: Select the right circle. Describe how the signal travels from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex. Unlike other sensory signals, olfactory signals are not routed through the thalamus.

(Activity C continued on next page)

D. Compare the neural pathways of each sense organ to the brain. How are these pathways similar? Different?