Autumn Examinations 2008/2009
Exam Code(s)
3BS, 3MR
Exam(s)
Third Undenominated Science, Third Marine Science
Module Code(s)
Z0313
Module(s)
Evolutionary Developmental Zoology
Paper No.
I
External Examiner(s)
Professor C. Holland
Internal Examiner(s)
Professor W. Arthur
*Dr. G. McCormack
Dr. U. Frank
Instructions:
Answer 4 questions
Duration
3 hrs
No. of Pages
2
Department(s)
Zoology
1. Write an essay on species concepts, describing at least four.
2. In a study of individual oysters (Crassostrea gigas) that were homozygous and
heterozygous for the Sod 1 and Sod 2 alleles of the superdismutase locus, the
following results were obtained.
Genotype Sod1Sod1 Sod1Sod2 Sod2Sod2
Numbers of individuals 60 331 129
Answer the following questions:
a. What are the frequencies of the three genotypes?
b. What are the frequencies of p and q?
c. What is the value of the χ2 test statistic?
d. Are the oysters in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
e. What is the probability of getting the value of the test statistic that you
calculated by random chance if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium? See table of values at the end of the exam paper below.
3. What is Maximum Parsimony? Describe how it is used to reconstruct
phylogenetic trees from DNA sequence data.
