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Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic AttendingBasic Attending
and Listening Skillsand Listening Skills
Rick Grieve, Ph.D.Rick Grieve, Ph.D.
PSY 442PSY 442
Western Kentucky UniversityWestern Kentucky University
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and
Listening SkillsListening Skills
Attending Behavior
Positive Attending Behavior Negative Attending BehaviorNegative Attending Behavior Individual and Cultural Differences
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and
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Positive and Negative Attending Behaviors
are usually divided into 4 inter-related
components; these include:p ;
Eye contact Body language Vocal qualities Verbal tracking
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Eye Contact
Cultures vary greatly in what is considered appropriate eye contact In Asian and Native American cultures, direct eye contact is often viewed as too aggressive Most clients will be comfortable with more eye contact when you’re talking and less eye contact when they’re talking—but this can vary
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Body Language
Positive body language usually involves leaning slightly toward the client, maintainingg g y , g a relaxed but attentive posture, mirroring, and more Mirroring involves matching the clients facial expression and body posture
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Vocal Qualities refer to the tonal and
inflections of your voice and not the
content of what you say
In many cases, it will be appropriate and effective to move slightly toward matching the client’s vocal qualities; this is referred to as pacing You can also use your vocal qualities to lead the client
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Individual and Cultural Differences
Every individual is unique and so you may need to vary your listening behaviors to accommodate individualsd t i di id l Clients from diverse cultures may also need some modification to optimize listening; for example, clients from some cultures may prefer seating arrangements that allow for less eye contact
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Moving Beyond Attending
Attending is great, but effective interviewing also includes: Nondirective listening responses Directive listening responses Directive action responses
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Nondirective Listening Responses include:
Silence Paraphrase or reflection of contentParaphrase or reflection of content Clarification Nondirective reflection of feeling Summarization
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Silence
Silence is very nondirective Silence is also can be very uncomfortable, or,Silence is also can be very uncomfortable, or, if used appropriately, very comforting It’s important for you to practice coping with and using silence as an interviewing technique
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Paraphrase or Reflection of Content
This is a verbal tracking skill that involves restating or rewording what a client is sayingg g y g to you There are several types of paraphrases
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
The Simple Paraphrase
This form of a paraphrase does not any meaning or directiong It involves the rephrasing of the core meaning of the client’s message
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Clarification
The purpose of a clarification is to clear up any confusion between client and interviewery A common clarification is a tentative paraphrase followed by a closed question like, “Am I getting that right?”
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Nondirective Reflection of Feeling
This response involves an emotionally oriented paraphrase The purpose of this response is the let the client know that you hear the emotional content of his/her statement Nondirective feeling reflections do not involve adding to or interpretation of emotional statements
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Summarization
The guidelines for summarization include: Keep it informal rather than formally numberingp y g your points Be interactive or involve the client in the summary Be supportive and encouraging Include positives or client strengths that might help in dealing with life problems
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The Pull to Reassurance
It’s natural to feel the pull to reassure your client Reassurance and self-disclosure are also therapy techniques and should be used intentionally
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Directive Listening Responses
Feeling validation Interpretive reflection of feelingInterpretive reflection of feeling Interpretation Confrontation
Chapter 3Chapter 3 -- Basic Attending andBasic Attending and Listening SkillsListening Skills
Feeling Validation
This response occurs when you acknowledge and approve of the client’s emotional statepp Feeling validations help clients accept their feelings as normal or natural Feeling validations can enhance rapport but also foster client dependency
