Download Nursing and Pharmacology Practice Questions: Furosemide, Diabetes, and Kidney Failure and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Retention of sodium ions Negative nitrogen balance Increase in the urine specific gravity Furosemide is a potent diuretic used to provide rapid diuresis; it acts in the loop of Henle and causes depletion of electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium. Furosemide inhibits the reabsorption, not retention, of sodium. Furosemide does not affect protein metabolism. With edema, the specific gravity of the fluid more likely will be low. Test-Taking Tip: Pace yourself when taking practice quizzes. Because most nursing exams have specified time limits, you should pace yourself during the practice testing period accordingly. It is helpful to estimate the time that can be spent on each item and still complete the examination in the allotted time. You can obtain this figure by dividing the testing time by the number of items on the test. For example, a 1-hour (60-minute) testing period with 50 items averages 1.2 minutes per question. The NCLEX exam is not a timed test. Both the number of questions and the time to complete the test varies according to each candidate's performance. However, if the test taker uses the maximum
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A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to relieve edema. The nurse should monitor
the client for which response to the medication?
View Topics Stats Issue with this question? 1 140407851 Confidence: Pretty sure Correct 3 Excessive loss of potassium ions 80 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
A routine urinalysis is prescribed for a client. What should the nurse do if the
specimen cannot be sent immediately to the laboratory?
Obtain an ECG strip and obtain an antiarrhythmic medication
Hold the morning dose of the diuretic and have the lab repeat the test. Continue to monitor the level to ensure that it stays within the normal limits. Anticipate a prescription for an increase in the dosage of the Lasix. The physician should be notified because a potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L is low. Normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L. Clients who are on diuretics require monitoring of serum electrolytes, especially potassium and sodium, because they also are excreted with water. The nurse should not hold the diuretic or repeat the lab test unless advised by the physician. The client's serum potassium level is critically below the normal limit and the physician should be notified. An increase in Lasix would cause an increased View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A client with a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes began receiving Lasix
(Furosemide) two days ago. The nurse reviews the morning lab results and
discovers that the client's potassium level is 2.8 mEq/L. What is the most
appropriate action for the nurse to take?
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Which is the most serious complication for which the nurse must monitor a
client with kidney failure?
Vital signs monitor the cardiopulmonary status; the health care provider must treat this hyperkalemia to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias. The cardiac arrest team responds to a cardiac arrest; there is no sign of arrest in this client. A repeat laboratory test will take time and probably reaffirm the original results; the client needs medical attention. Obtaining an ECG strip and having an antiarrhythmic available are correct interventions if available, but the priority is medical attention and the health care provider should be notified immediately. 1 130049918 Confidence: Nailed it 1 140385582 Confidence: Nailed it
of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Correct 3 Notify the primary healthcare provider of the result, which is critically low. 77 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
Prepare for urinary catheterization. The causative organism should be isolated before starting antibiotic therapy. Catheterization is not a routine intervention for urethritis. Although client teaching is important, it is not the priority at this time. A 24-hour urine test will not determine the infective organism causing the problem. Test-Taking Tip: Practicing a few relaxation techniques may prove helpful on the day of an examination. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, imagery, head rolling, shoulder shrugging, rotating and stretching of the neck, leg lifts, and heel lifts with feet flat on the floor can effectively reduce tension while causing little or no distraction to those around you. It is recommended that you practice one or two of these techniques intermittently to avoid becoming tense. The more anxious and tense you become, the View Topics 1
A client in a nursing home is diagnosed with urethritis. What should the nurse
plan to do before initiating antibiotic therapy prescribed by the health care
provider?
Start a 24-hour urine collection. Correct 4 Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
of students^ nationwide^ answered^ this^ question^ correctly. 1 130045972 Confidence: Nailed it Incorrect 2 Teach the client how to perform perineal care. 72 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
A client with Type I Diabetes complains of hunger, thirst, tiredness, and frequent
urination. Based on these findings, the nurse should take what action?
Chemotherapy destroys the rapidly dividing cells of the oral mucosa; frequent gentle oral hygiene limits additional trauma. Although it is recommended to rinse the mouth every two hours, the client does not need to brush teeth and clean the mouth as often. Lemon juice is too caustic to the compromised mucosa. Flossing can disrupt and traumatize the gum surfaces; oral hygiene is needed more than once a day. Vigorous cleansing with hard materials can increase mucosal trauma.
Altered urinary pH Because the female's urethra is closer to the anus than the male's, it is at greater risk for becoming contaminated. Urinary pH is within the same range in both males and females. Hormonal secretions have no effect on the development of bladder infections. The View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A nurse is counseling a woman who had recurrent urinary tract infections. What
factor should the nurse explain is the reason why women are at a greater risk
than men for contracting a urinary tract infection?
Juxtaposition of the bladder Correct 4 Proximity of the urethra to the anus View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A client has undergone surgery with general anesthesia. Within how many hours
after surgery should the nurse notify the health care provider if the client does
not void?
Test-Taking Tip: After you have eliminated one or more choices, you may discover that two of the options are very similar. This can be very helpful, because it may mean that one of these look-alike answers is the best choice and the other is a very good distractor. Test both of these options against the stem. Ask yourself which one completes the incomplete statement grammatically and which one answers the question more fully and completely. The option that best completes or answers the stem is the one you should choose. Here, 1 140407846 Confidence: Pretty sure 1 140389927 Confidence: Nailed it
of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Incorrect 2 Hormonal secretions 81 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
Wear cotton underpants. Cotton allows air to circulate and does not retain moisture the way synthetic fabrics do; microorganisms multiply in warm, moist environments. Drinking 3 L of fluids a day and voiding every 2 hours help to flush ascending microorganisms from the bladder, thereby reducing the risk for urinary tract infections. Foods high in acid, not alkaline, ash help to acidify urine; this urine is less likely to support bacterial growth. Wiping from back to front after toileting may transfer bacteria from the perianal area toward the urinary
A female client has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. What should
the nurse include in the teaching plan when teaching the client about health
practices that may help decrease future urinary tract infections?
Correct 1 3 Increase alkaline ash foods in the diet. 4 Wipe from back to front after toileting. View Topics Stats Issue with this question? o
of students^ nationwide^ answered^ this^ question^ correctly. 1 140418160 Confidence: Just a guess Chart/Exhibit 1 Incorrect 2 Void at least every 6 hours. 75 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
Damaged kidneys are unable to excrete potassium, resulting in hyperkalemia. Potassium, part of the sodium-potassium pump, is involved with muscle contraction. The clinical manifestations indicate hyperkalemia. The expected serum level of potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. Hyponatremia generally is not associated with acute renal failure; hyponatremia is associated with headache, muscle weakness, apathy, and abdominal cramps, not with an irregular pulse or diarrhea. The expected serum level of sodium is 136 to 145 mEq/L. With acute kidney failure the serum sodium may be normal, increased,
A client is admitted to a medical unit with the diagnosis of acute kidney failure.
The nurse reviews the client's laboratory data, performs a physical assessment,
and obtains the client's vital signs. What should the nurse conclude the client
is most likely experiencing?
Correct 1 Hyperkalemia 2 Hyponatremia 3 Hypouricemia Hypercalcemia Incorrect 4
A client is in a state of uncompensated acidosis. What approximate arterial blood pH does the nurse expect the client to have?
The pH of blood is maintained within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. When there is an increase in hydrogen ions, the respiratory, buffer, and renal systems attempt to compensate to maintain the pH. If compensation is not successful, acidosis results and is reflected in a lower pH. Test-Taking Tip: Multiple-choice questions can be challenging, because students think that they will recognize the right answer when they see it or that the right answer will somehow stand out from the other choices. This is a dangerous misconception. The more carefully the question is 2
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Issue with this question? A nurse teaches a client who is scheduled for a kidney transplant about the need for immunosuppressive medications. The nurse determines that the client understands the teaching when the client states, "I must take these medications: For the rest of my life." 2 Correct 1
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Confidence: Nailed it
75 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Correct 1
These drugs must be taken continuously to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. The danger of rejection always exists. The client must take the medications longer than after the surgery or until the anastomosis heals or during the intraoperative period. Test-Taking Tip: Be alert for grammatical inconsistencies. If the response is intended to complete the stem (an incomplete sentence) but makes no grammatical sense to you, it might be a distractor rather than the correct Smoky 4 View Topics
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Issue with this question? A nurse is assessing the urine of a client with a urinary tract infection. What appearance should the nurse expect this client's urine to have? 1 3 Orange-amber 4 Yellow-brown Until the anastomosis heals." 1 140389963
Confidence: Nailed it
Correct 2 Cloudy During the intraoperative period." 80 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
Cellular debris, white blood cells, bacteria, and pus can cause the urine to become cloudy. Dark, smoky urine usually suggests hematuria. Orange- amber color of urine may indicate concentrated urine; also, it can be caused by phenazopyridine (Pyridium) or foods such as beets. Yellow- brown to olive green color of urine indicates excessive bilirubin. 82 % of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
