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Enumerate the tools used in construction material.
1. Bolster Bolster is like chisel but it is used to cut bricks. Its cutting edge is wider than the width of brick. It is useful for accurate cutting of bricks. 2. Boning Rods Boning rods are made of wood and they are T shape. They are used to level the excavated trench throughout its length. Minimum three boning rods are used to level the trench surface. 3. Brick Hammer Brick hammer is used to cut the bricks and also used to push the bricks if they come out of the course line.
4. Bump Cutter Bump cutter is used to level the concrete surfaces like concrete floors, foundations etc. It is also called screed. 5. Chain Lewis and Pin Lewis Chain Lewis and pin Lewis are two different tools which are used to lift heavy stones especially in the construction of stone masonry. 6. Chisel Chisel is generally used in wood work and this must be useful to remove the concrete bumps or excess concrete in hardened surface. 7. Circular Saw Circular saw used to cut the wood boards, frames etc. It is used when accurate cutting is required in less time. It is safer than hand saw.
13. Earth Rammer After the excavation of ground, the lower surface may be uneven. To level the surface earth rammer is used. It contains big square shaped block at its end with which the ground is leveled. 14. Float Float is made of wood which is used to smoothen the plastered concrete surface. It contains handle on its top and smooth wooden surface on its bottom. 15. Gloves Gloves are required to prevent the hands from direct contact with cement, paints etc. and to avoid injury while using machines, tools etc. 16. Hand Saw Hand saw is used to cut the wood materials like doors, windows, slab panels etc. 17. Head Pan Head pan is made of iron which is used to lift the excavated soil or cement or concrete to the working site etc. it is more commonly used in construction sites.
18. Hoe Hoe is also used to excavate the soil but in this case the metal plate is provided with acute angle to the wooden handle. 19. Jack Plane Jack plane is used in the wood work to smoothen the surface of doors and windows etc. 20. Ladder Ladder is also required in construction works. To check slab work, to transport material to the higher floors, to paint the walls etc. 21. Line and Pins Line and pins consist a thread whose ends are connected with two solid metal rods with pin points. It is used to level the alignment of brick course while brick laying. 22. Mason’s Square Mason’s square is used to achieve perfect right angle at the corner of masonry wall. It is “L” shape. First course is laid properly using Mason’s square then based on the first, remaining layers of bricks are set out.
27. Plumb Bob Plumb bob is used to check the verticality of structures. It contains a solid metal bob connected to the end of a thread. It is also used inn surveying to level the instrument position. 28. Plumb Rule Plumb rule is used to check the vertical line of wall whether it is perfect vertical or not. It contains a straight wood board with uniform edges. On its center a groove is provided in which plumb bob is situated. When the rule is placed vertically with the wall the plumb bob should be in the groove line otherwise the wall will not be vertical. 29. Polisher Polisher is used to smoothen the surface of tiles, wood works etc. The smoothening makes them shine and the process is called polishing. 30. Putty Knife Putty knife is used level the putty finishing and also used to reduce the thickness of finish when it is thicker.
31. Rubber Boots During construction works, legs may damage due to contact with chemical materials like cement or physical accidents. So, for safety rubber shoes are required. 32. Safety Glasses To prevent the eyes from dust, chemical actions of materials etc. safety glasses should be maintained. 33. Safety Helmet The safety helmet should be necessary in construction works. Any material or structure may fall from height during construction work. So, to protect the head from injury or any fatal accident, this safety helmet should be used. 34. Sand Screen Machine The fine aggregate used in concrete should not contain impurities or coarse particles. The sand screen machine is used to screen the sand or fine aggregate before mixing it with concrete. This screen is also used for screening fine sand for plastering work.
40. Tile Cutter Tile cutter is used to cut the tiles. Sometimes, normal tile size is larger than required at the corners where floor meets the wall in that case tile cutter is useful. 41. Trowel Trowel is used to lift and apply the cement mortar in small quantities. It is made of steel and wooden handle is provided for holding. The ends of trowel may be pointed or bull nosed. 42. Vibrator Vibrator is used to compact the concrete by this the air gaps are filled with water and workability varies without adding water to it. 43. Wedge Wedge is a small hard metal blade which is used to cut the rock surfaces with the help of sledge hammer. 44. Wheel Barrow Wheel barrow is used to transport bulk weights of materials like cement, sand, concrete mix etc. it contains one or two wheels at its front and two handles at its back which are used to push the wheel barrow.
Enumerate the equipment/heavy equipment used in construction material.
1. Articulated Trucks Articulated trucks are a type of heavy-duty dump truck that many praise for their versatility and adaptability. Unlike rigid haulers, articulated trucks consist of both a cab and a narrow trailer, or dump box. The two connect via a pivoting hinge. They are ideal for applications on challenging worksites with little to no paved roads, steep slopes, slippery or sandy surfaces, or low ceiling height. You’ll find these at many types of job sites, including: - Mining - Recycling and scrapping - Material and aggregate hauling - Utility construction 2. Asphalt Pavers Asphalt pavers are usually accompanied by dump trucks carrying asphalt, which moves the material into the paver. Once it’s full, the asphalt paver uses dispersion augers to disperse the asphalt across a leveled surface. Then, it rolls it flat with a hydraulic cylinder, creating a solid, stable place to drive or walk. You can use these pavers to lay asphalt on places such as: - Public and private roads - Driveways - Parking lots - Bridge decks - Recreation courts - Industrial sites - Building construction 3. Backhoe Loaders A backhoe loader is a single piece of equipment that can function as either a backhoe, a tractor, or a loader. The durable backhoe is located on the back of the machine, while the loading mechanism is in the front. The central operating machine is the tractor. Because it’s capable of handling so many different jobs, you can use a backhoe loader for things like: - Farming - Excavation - Construction - Hauling - Digging
- Single plate: Single plate compactors are suitable for small-scale asphalt or building projects, like home renovations or laying sidewalks and driveways.
- Reversible plate: For projects that require more versatility, reversible plates operate in multiple directions.
- Heavy-duty plate: Heavy-duty plate compactors are the best option for large- scale industrial, construction, or roadway projects. 7. Compact Track and Multi Terrain Loaders You can use both a compact track loader and a multi-terrain loader to transport heavy worksite materials. The two machines look and function similarly, but they are not the same. Compact track loaders are intended for more rugged, heavy-duty use than a multi-terrain loader. 8. Dozers Bulldozers, also known as track-type tractors and crawlers, are critical pieces of machinery for several types of projects, including:
- Farming
- Land clearing
- Road construction
- Demolition
- Home renovation Dozers use a heavy-duty track to move with blades that can push rocks, building materials, debris, sand, snow, or dirt. There are a few different types of dozer blades, including the flat, edgeless straight blade, curved universal blade, and semi-universal combination blade. 9. Draglines Draglines are a type of large-scale excavator used for reaching extensive depths at surface mining sites, above ground excavation sites, and more. Draglines function using a tall boom arm equipped with wire-based drag and hoist ropes. These ropes work together to move an attached bucket to and from its point of application. Once in place, the dragline operator controls the bucket so it can collect and move debris by dragging it across the surface. 10. Drills Rotary blasthole drills are a type of heavy equipment used for drilling holes at mine sites. Autonomous drills are a growing trend among equipment handlers because they have built-in features that can help complete projects quickly and safely. For example, automated drills today might feature:
- Depth tracking
- Built-in cameras
- Automatic leveling, retracting, and drilling
- HVAC systems to cool while limiting dust exposure Non-automated drills offer just as much power, but these features can enhance the comfort and safety of your works as well as the overall productivity of the equipment. 11. Drum Rollers Drum rollers — also known as compact rollers and road rollers — are machines used at worksites to smooth and level building terrain or roadways. They are immensely strong and can flatten surfaces quickly and effectively. There are two types of rolling drums available:
- Smooth rollers: If the drum is smooth, it’s known as a smooth roller. As the name suggests, smooth rollers create smooth surfaces out of gravel, sand, or dirt using a combination of powerful vibrations and pressure. You can find these machines in either single or double-drum variations.
- Padfoot rollers: Padfoot rollers use the same technology as smooth rollers, in addition to a strong manipulative force that you can use to make soil more compact and solid. 12. Electric Rope Shovels Electric rope shovels are another piece of heavy equipment used almost explicitly at mining sites due to their ability to withstand rugged work conditions and easily relocate large quantities of overburden and ore. Because they are powered by electricity, there are far fewer moving parts to wear down over time. 13. Excavators These machines are robust and adaptable, making them a common fixture at large and small-scale projects. The excavator cabin — which you can rotate completely while in operation — is connected to a long arm and bucket, which you can use for excavating, demolishing, hauling, brush removal, and even forestry applications with certain attachments. Excavators range in size, each suited for different applications:
- Mini excavators: Mini excavators can navigate small, hard-to-reach areas on construction sites, and are ideal for home-based or small-scale projects.
- Medium excavators: Medium excavators can handle larger jobs than mini excavators, but without taking up as much space as a large excavator. Large scale renovations, home improvement projects, and medium to large-scale construction sites can benefit from this configuration.
- Large excavators: Large excavators are large and very powerful. They are best suited for high-volume, large-scale operations.
They are excellent for the following applications:
- Material handling
- Warehouse or stockroom storage
- Construction projects
- Commercial building maintenance 19. Skid Steer Loaders A skid steer is a type of machine that you can use for anything from small-scale home projects to large-scale land management jobs. They are an asset to any worksite, thanks to the ability to connect different attachments to complete nearly any type of project. Skid steers are available in three different sizes: small, medium, and large. For example, with the right attachments, you can use a skid steer loader for:
- Forestry
- Land clearing
- Landscaping and farming
- Road work
- Excavation
- Demolition
- Site cleaning 20. Telehandlers Telehandlers are similar to forklifts but are better suited for outdoor applications or bulk material moving inside a warehouse. It can be used to connect different boom attachments, such as buckets or lift platforms, making them a versatile piece of machinery to have on the worksite. There are several types of telehandlers to choose from, including different variations of lift height, load capacity, and frame size. 21. Towable Light Towers Towable light towers are the solution to this common occurrence. Light towers consist of a set of powerful lights attached to the top of a vertical beam, which is connected to some type of power generator or solar panel 22. Track Loaders Track loaders are heavy-duty machines intended for large-scale use. They are designed with large, moving tracks rather than wheels. This enables the machine to move effortlessly across rugged terrain, including hard-to-reach areas. 23. Underground Mining Loaders Underground mining loaders are very durable, low profile machines designed to make mining easier and faster. Mining loaders are similar to standard underground mining
trucks, but with an attached bucket. They are crucial for any large-scale mining operation, as they allow you to haul and move materials safely.
24. Utility Vehicles Utility vehicles — or UTVs — are compact, motorized transportation and hauling solutions. They function similarly to a small truck and look similar to a sport vehicle — but don’t underestimate these machines. They are incredibly useful tools for a variety of purposes, such as: - Hauling materials across construction sites. - Safe, enclosed transportation in hazardous work areas. - Farming and landscaping projects. - Easy hauling and transportation across narrow work areas. 25. Wheel Excavators Wheel excavators are similar to standard excavating machines, but instead of utilizing a track system, they have wheels. Because of this difference, wheel excavators offer less traction on challenging terrain but are still powerful, stable machines. One of the most significant advantages wheel excavators have over tracked excavators is the ability to drive it around the worksite. 26. Wheel Loaders Wheel loaders have a front-loading bucket you can use to move dirt and other materials. Compared to track loaders, these loaders are equipped with durable wheels, which makes it easy to navigate and drive across the worksite. Different wheel loader attachments help this machine adapt to all of your project’s needs, including: - Stump grinders - Snowblowers - Asphalt cutters - Cold planers - Trenchers 27. Wheel Tractor-Scrapers Wheel tractor-scrapers are a type of heavy equipment used in construction projects to scrape, move, and collect dirt, allowing you to grade and level the land. Here’s how it works: - A sharp, angled scraper cuts into the dirt, loosening it. - A hopper uses a conveyor belt system to collect and store this loose dirt.
References: AB, M. (2022, April 25). The Latest Advances in Construction Equipment. The Latest Advances in Construction Equipment | Miller A&B Blog. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://millerab.com/our-company/blog/entryid/168/the-latest-advances-in- construction-equipment Anupoju, S. (2017, December 3). Construction Tools List for Building Construction. The Constructor. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://theconstructor.org/construction/construction-tools-list-images- building/20238/ Cashman Equipment Co. (2020, June 11). 27 Types of Heavy Construction Equipment And Their Uses. Cashman Equipment. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://www.cashmanequipment.com/about/the-dirt-blog/27-types-of-heavy- construction-equipment-and-their
