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AP®^ Chemistry Sample Syllabus 1
Syllabus 1029708v
Curricular Requirements Page(s) CR1 Students and teachers use a recently published (within the last 10 years) college-level chemistry textbook. 1 CR2 The course is structured around the enduring understandings within the big ideas as described in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. 1 CR3a The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 1: Structure of matter. 6 CR3b The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 2: Properties of matter-characteristics, states, and forces of attraction. 7 CR3c The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 3: Chemical reactions. 4 CR3d The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 4: Rates of chemical reactions. 8 CR3e The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 5: Thermodynamics. 6 CR3f The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 6: Equilibrium. 9 CR4 The course provides students with the opportunity to connect their knowledge of chemistry and science to major societal or technological components (e.g., concerns, technological advances, innovations) to help them become scientifically literate citizens. 8 CR5a Students are provided the opportunity to engage in investigative laboratory work integrated throughout the course for a minimum of 25 percent of instructional time. 2 CR5b Students are provided the opportunity to engage in a minimum of 16 hands-on laboratory experiments integrated throughout the course while using basic laboratory equipment to support the learning objectives listed within the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 CR6 The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided-inquiry format. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 CR7 The course provides opportunities for students to develop, record, and maintain evidence of their verbal, written, and graphic communication skills through laboratory reports, summaries of literature or scientific investigations, and oral, written, and graphic presentations. 2
Course Description
This AP Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of the general chemistry course usually taken during the first year of college. For most students, the course enables them to undertake, as a freshman, second year work in the chemistry sequence at their institution or to register in courses in other fields where general chemistry is a prerequisite. This course is structured around the six big ideas articulated in the AP Chemistry curriculum framework provided by the College Board. [CR2] A special emphasis will be placed on the seven science practices, which capture important aspects of the work that scientists engage in, with learning objectives that combine content with inquiry and reasoning skills. AP Chemistry is open to all students that have completed a year of chemistry who wish to take part in a rigorous and academically challenging course. Big Idea 1: Structure of matter Big Idea 2: Properties of matter-characteristics, states, and forces of attraction Big Idea 3: Chemical reactions Big Idea 4: Rates of chemical reactions Big Idea 5: Thermodynamics Big Idea 6: Equilibrium
Textbooks and Lab Books
The College Board. AP Chemistry Guided Inquiry Experiments: Applying the Science Practices. 2013. Zumdahl, Steven and Susan Zumdahl. Chemistry, Eighth Edition. Belmont CA: Cengage Learning, 2012. [CR1] Demmin, Peter. AP Chemistry, Fifth Edition. New York: D&S Marketing Systems Inc.,
Vonderbrink, Sally. Laboratory Experiments for AP Chemistry. Batavia: Flinn Scientific,
Randall, Jack. Advanced Chemistry with Vernier. Oregon: Vernier Software and Technology, 2004. Holmquist, Dan and Donald Volz. Chemistry with Calculators. Oregon: Vernier Software and Technology, 2003. Beran, Jo Allan. Laboratory Principles of General Chemistry, Seventh Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
Required Materials
Graphing calculator, splash proof goggles, and a carbon capable laboratory notebook
Labs
The labs completed require following or developing processes and procedures, taking observations, and data manipulation. See lab list provided for lab details. Students communicate and collaborate in lab groups; however, each student writes a laboratory CR2—The course is structured around the enduring understandings within the big ideas as described in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. CR1—Students and teachers use a recently published (within the last 10 years) college-level chemistry textbook.
Post-Lab Work
8. Calculations and Graphs Students should show how calculations are carried out. Graphs need to be titled, axes need to be labeled, and units need to be shown on the axis. To receive credit for any graphs, they must be at least ½ page in size. 9. Conclusions This will vary from lab to lab. Students will usually be given direction as to what to write, but it is expected that all conclusions will be well thought out and well written. 10. Post Lab Error Analysis Questions Follow the same procedure as for Pre-Lab Questions. Advanced Placement Chemistry — The Laboratory Notebook A record of lab work is an important document, which will show the quality of the lab work that students have performed.
AP Chemistry Unit Overview
Unit 1: Chemistry Fundamentals Class Periods (52 minutes): 12 Homework Sets Assigned: 10 Number of Quizzes: 2 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Scientific Method BI 1.D.1:a
- Classification of Matter a. pure substances vs mixtures 1.A.1:b b. law of definite proportions 1.A.1:c c. law of multiple proportions 1.A.1:d d. chemical and physical changes 3.C.1:b, 3.C.1:c, 5.D:
- Nomenclature and formula of binary compounds 1.E.2:b
- Polyatomic ions and other compounds 1.E.2:b
- Determination of atomic masses 1.A.1:a
- Mole concept 1.A.3:b, 1.A.3:c, 1.A.3:d, 1.E.2:b
- Percent composition 1.A.2:a
- Empirical and molecular formula 1.A.2:b
- Writing chemical equations and drawn representations 1.E.1:a, 1.E.1:c, 3.C.1:a
- Balancing chemical equations 1.A.3:a, 1.E.2:c, 1.E.2:d, 3.A.1:a
CR5b—Students are provided the opportunity to engage in a minimum of 16 hands-on laboratory experiments integrated throughout the course while using basic laboratory equipment to support the learning objectives listed within the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. CR6—The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided- inquiry format. CR3c—The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 3: Chemical reactions.
- Applying mole concept to chemical equations (Stoich) 1.A.3:a, 1.E.1:b
- Determine limiting reagent, theoretical and % yield 3.A.2:a Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] Math & Measurement in Science LO 1.3; SP 2, 5 *Guided Inquiry: Physical and Chemical Properties LO 1.17, 1.18; SP 1, 3, 4, 6 Stoichiometry Lab LO 1.1, 3.3, 3.4; SP 2, 5 Unit 2: Types of Chemical Equations Class Periods (52 minutes): 8 Homework Sets Assigned: 4 Number of Quizzes: 3 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Electrolytes and properties of water 2.A.3:h
- Molarity and preparation of solutions 1.D.3:c, 2.A.3:i, 2.A.3:j
- Precipitation reactions and solubility rules 6.C.3:d
- Acid Base reactions and formation of a salt by titration 1.E.2:f, 3.A.2:c
- Balancing redox 3.B.3:a, 3.B.3:b, 3.B.3:c, 3.B.3:d
- Simple redox titrations 1.E.2:f
- Gravimetric calculations 1.E.2:e Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] pH Titration Lab LO 1.2; SP 2, 5 Bleach Lab LO 1.18, 3.8, 3.9; SP 2, 5 Activity: Online Redox Titration Activity LO 3.9; SP 1 Utilizing an eduweb lab simulation, students have the opportunity to manipulate various factors that influence a redox titration. [CR3c] Unit 3: AP Style Net Ionic Equations Class Periods (52 minutes): 8 Homework Sets Assigned: 6 Number of Quizzes: 4 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Redox and single replacement reactions 3.A.1, 3.B.3:e, 3.C.1:d
- Double replacement reactions 3.A.1, 3.C.1:d
- Combustion reactions 3.A.1, 3.B.3:e
Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] *Guided Inquiry: Hess’s Law Lab LO 3.11, 5.3-5.5, 5.7, 5.8; SP 2, 5, 3, 4, 6 Activity: Online Heating and Cooling Curve Simulations
LO 5.6 & SP 1
Utilizing the eduweb lab simulation website, students heat an unknown and graph its temperature as it cools, giving them the ability to calculate the energy released. [CR3e] Unit 6: Atomic Structure and Periodicity Class Periods (52 minutes): 12 Homework Sets Assigned: 9 Number of Quizzes: 4 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Electron configuration and the Aufbau principle 1.B.2:a
- Valence electrons and Lewis dot structures 1.B.2:c
- Periodic trends 1.B.1:b, 1.B.1:c, 1.B.2:b, 1.B.2:d, 1.C.1:c, 1.D.1:b, 2.C.1:a, 2.C.1:b
- Table arrangement based on electronic properties 1.C.1:a, 1.C.1:b, 1.C.1:d
- Properties of light and study of waves 1.C.2:e, 1.D.3:a, 5.E.4:b
- Atomic spectra of hydrogen and energy levels 1.B.1:d, 1.B.1:e, 1.D.3:b
- Quantum mechanical model 1.C.2:d
- Quantum theory and electron orbitals 1.C.2:c
- Orbital shape and energies 1.C.2:b
- Spectroscopy 1.D.2:a, 1.D.2:b, 1.D.2:c, 1.D.3:b Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] Spectroscopy Lab LO 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.14, 1.15; SP 1, 6 Activity: Periodic Table Dry Lab LO 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13; SP 1, 5, 6 Students graph values for atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy to predict trends and explain the organization of the periodic table. [CR3a] CR5b—Students are provided the opportunity to engage in a minimum of 16 hands-on laboratory experiments integrated throughout the course while using basic laboratory equipment to support the learning objectives listed within the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. CR6—The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided- inquiry format. CR3a—The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 1: Structure of matter. CR3e—The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 5: Thermodynamics.
Unit 7: Chemical Bonding Class Periods (52 minutes): 11 Homework Sets Assigned: 8 Number of Quizzes: 4 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Lewis Dot structures 2.C.4:a
- Resonance structures and formal charge 2.C.4:c, 2.C.4:d, 2.C.4:e
- Bond polarity and dipole moments 2.C.1:c, 2.C.1:e, 2.C.1:f
- VSEPR models and molecular shape 2.C.4:b, 2.C.4:e, 2.C.4:f
- Polarity of molecules 2.C.1:e
- Lattice energies 1.B.1:a, 1.C.2:a, 2.C.1:d (1-2), 2.C.2:a, 2.C.2:b, 2.D.1:b
- Hybridization 2.C.4:g
- Molecular orbitals and diagrams 2.C.4:h, 2.C.4:i Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] *Guided Inquiry: Bonding Lab LO 2.1, 2.17, 2.19, 2.20, 5.1, 5.10; SP 1, 3, 4 *Guided Inquiry: Investigation of Solids LO 2.22-2.32; SP 1, 3, 4, 6 Activity: Atomic Theory Dry Lab LO 2.21 & SP 1, 6 Students make drawings of a series of molecules and from those drawings predict geometry, hybridization, and polarity. [CR3b] Unit 8: Liquids, Solids, and Solutions Class Periods (52 minutes): 6 Homework Sets Assigned: 4 Number of Quizzes: 2 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Structure and bonding a. metals, network, and molecular 2.A.1:a, 2.A.1:d, 2.C.3, 2.D.1:a, 2.D.2:a, 2.D.1:b, 2.D.3, 2.D. b. ionic, hydrogen, London, van der Waals 2.A.1:b, 2.B.1:a, 2.B.1:b, 2.B.1:c, 2.B.2:a, 2.B.2:b, 2.B.2:c, 2.B.2:d, 2.B.3:a, 5.D:
- Vapor pressure and changes in state
- Heating and cooling curves 2.A.1:e, 5.B.3:c, 5.B.3:d
- Composition of solutions 2.A.1:c, 2.A.3:b, 2.A.3:c, 2.B.3:b
- Colloids and suspensions 2.A.3:a, 2.A.3:b, 2.A.3:g CR5b—Students are provided the opportunity to engage in a minimum of 16 hands-on laboratory experiments integrated throughout the course while using basic laboratory equipment to support the learning objectives listed within the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. CR6—The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided- inquiry format. CR3b—The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 2: Properties of matter-characteristics, states, and forces of attraction.
Unit 10: General Equilibrium Class Periods (52 minutes): 6 Homework Sets Assigned: 4 Number of Quizzes: 3 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Characteristics and conditions of chemical equilibrium 6.A.1, 6.A.3:a, 6.A.3:f
- Equilibrium expression derived from rates 6.A.3:b
- Factors that affect equilibrium 6.A.3:c
- Le Chatlier’s principle 6.A.3:b, 6.B.1, 6.B.2, 6.C.3:e, 6.C.3:f
- The equilibrium constant 6.A.3:d, 6.A.3.e, 6.A.
- Solving equilibrium problems 6.A. Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] Determination of a Kc with Varied Initial Concentrations
LO 5.17, 6.1-6.10; SP 2, 5
Activity: Online Gas Phase Equilibrium Activity LO 6.8, 6.9; SP 1, 6 In the online inquiry activity, students are able to manipulate the environment and produce stresses that verify the tendency of Le Chatelier’s principle. [CR3f] Unit 11: Acids and Bases Class Periods (52 minutes): 8 Homework Sets Assigned: 4 Number of Quizzes: 3 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Definition and nature of acids and bases 3.B.2, 6.C.1:c, 6.C.1:d, 6.C.1:e, 6.C.1:f
- Kw and the pH scale 6.C.1:a, 6.C.1:b, 6.C.1:g
- pH of strong and weak acids and bases 6.C.1:h
- Polyprotic acids 6.C.1:n
- pH of salts
- Structure of Acids and Bases Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] Determination of a Ka by Half Titration LO 2.2, 3.7; SP 2, 5 CR6—The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided- inquiry format. CR3f— The course provides students with opportunities outside the laboratory environment to meet the learning objectives within Big Idea 6: Equilibrium. CR5b—Students are provided the opportunity to engage in a minimum of 16 hands-on laboratory experiments integrated throughout the course while using basic laboratory equipment to support the learning objectives listed within the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework.
Unit 12: Buffers, Ksp, and Titrations Class Periods (52 minutes): 11 Homework Sets Assigned: 6 Number of Quizzes: 4 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Characteristics and capacity of buffers 6.C.
- Titrations and pH curves 6.C.1:i, 6.C.1:j, 6.C.1:k, 6.C.1:l, 6.C.1:m
- Choosing Acid Base Indicators
- pH and solubility
- Ksp Calculations and Solubility Product 6.C.3:a, 6.C.3:b Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] Types of Titrations LO 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17; SP 2, 5, 6 *Guided Inquiry: Preparation of a Buffer LO 6.18, 6.19, 6.20; SP 2, 3, 4, 5 Molar Solubility and Determination of Ksp LO 6.21, 6.22, 6.23, 6.24; SP 2, 5, 6 Unit 13: Thermodynamics Class Periods (52 minutes): 10 Homework Sets Assigned: 5 Number of Quizzes: 3 Number of Exams: 1 Topics Covered: Curriculum Framework Articulation:
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Spontaneous process and entropy 5.E.
- Spontaneity, enthalpy, and free energy 5.E.2:c, 5.E.3,
- Free energy 5.E.2:d, 5.E.2:e, 5.E.2:f, 6.C.3:c, 6.D.1:a
- Free energy and equilibrium 5.E.2, 6.D.1:b, 6.D.1:c, 6.D.1:d
- Rate and Spontaneity 5.E.2:e, 5.E. Labs: [CR5b] & [CR6] Solubility and Determination of ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG° of Calcium Hydroxide
LO 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.18, 6.25; SP
CR6—The laboratory investigations used throughout the course allow students to apply the seven science practices defined in the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework. At minimum, six of the required 16 labs are conducted in a guided- inquiry format. CR5b—Students are provided the opportunity to engage in a minimum of 16 hands-on laboratory experiments integrated throughout the course while using basic laboratory equipment to support the learning objectives listed within the AP Chemistry Curriculum Framework.
*GUIDED INQUIRY Lab: Discovery of Physical and Chemical Properties Description: Students are given the materials to conduct various procedures. They construct a procedure for each of the eight changes to be observed, have their procedures approved by the instructor, and then carry out the procedures. The data collected is used to develop a set of criteria for determining whether a given change is chemical or physical. Lab: Stoichiometry Lab Description: Students determine the correct mole ratio of reactants in an exothermic reaction by mixing different amounts of reactants and graphing temperature changes. Lab: pH Titration Lab Description: Students perform a titration and then determine the concentration of an HCl solution by using a potentiometric titration curve and finding the equivalence point. Data is graphed in a graphing program. Lab: Bleach Lab Description: Students perform redox titrations to determine the concentration of hypochlorite in household bleach. Lab: Copper Reaction Lab Description: Students perform a series of reactions, starting with copper and ending with copper. Students then calculate percent recovered. TEACHER DEMO: Graham’s Law of Diffusion Description: HCl and NH 3 are placed in either end of a glass tube. Using distance traveled of each gas by looking at formation of NH 4 Cl ring, MM of HCl is calculated. Lab: Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid Description: Students use the Dumas method for determination of the molar mass of an unknown volatile liquid. Lab: Hess’s Law Lab Description: Students perform a series of reactions and calculate enthalpy, proving Hess’s law. Lab: Spectrum and Spectroscopy Lab Description: Students look at a series of emission spectra and determine the identity of an unknown. They will also receive and analyze IR and mass spectroscopy data.
*GUIDED INQUIRY Lab: Bonding Lab Description: Students experimentally investigate ionic and molecular substances deducing properties of their bonds in the process. *GUIDED INQUIRY Lab: Investigation of Solids Description: Students investigate types of solids using various experimental techniques. Lab: Preparation of Solutions Lab Description: Students make solutions of specified concentrations gravimetrically and by dilution. Solution concentrations will be checked for accuracy using a spectrophotometer. TEACHER DEMO: Evaporation of Liquids Description: Using a data collection device, the teacher will show the temperature curves of evaporation of various liquids and students must deduce the differences based on IMF’s. Lab: Vapor Pressure of Liquids Description: Students measure the vapor pressure of ethanol at different temperatures to determine ΔH. *GUIDED INQUIRY Lab: Determining the Rate Law of a Crystal Violet Reaction Description: Using colorimetry and Beer’s law, students determine the order of a reaction and it’s rate law. Lab: Determining the Activation Energy of the Crystal Violet Reaction Description: Students use the same set up as in the crystal violet lab, but this time varying temperature to calculate the activation energy with the use of the Arrhenius equation. Lab: Determining Kc with Various Initial Concentrations Description: Students use a spectrophotometer to determine the Kc of a series of reactions. Lab: Determining Ka by Half Titration Description: Students do a titration in which ½ of the weak acid titrated is neutralized (aka midpoint) and then the Ka is determined. *GUIDED INQUIRY Lab: Types of Titrations Description: Students investigate titration curves by doing titrations of different combinations of weak and strong acids and bases.
