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Nguyen Linh Chi 201945920 ARCH 1005 Armitage, P. & Ashini, D. (1998). Partners in the present to safeguard the past: building cooperative relations between the Innu and archaeologists regarding archaeological research in Innu territory. Études/Inuit/Studies, 22(2), 31-40. Three Key Words: cooperative, the Innu, archaeological research Abstract: In this article, Peter Armitage and Daniel Ashini discuss the response and role of the Innu population in archaeological research of the historic resources in Labrador and in eastern Quebec. The Labrador in the European imagination was considered a barren, wasteland without any value, however, things have changed during the past few centuries. The study of archaeology is focused on 3 main contexts, political, economic, and historical context. Archaeology was not conducted in a political and economic vacuum before. The authors also discuss how the administration of archaeological research has been awarded management for provincial and territorial governments. The failure to properly survey these areas prior to flooding constitutes one of the greatest unfortunates. Therefore, the Innu Nation encourages archaeologists to do research on their culture as a way of protecting their culture and relics.
Quotation: “The Historic Resources Act has an important role to play in the management of historic resources for the purpose of tourist development. Who will “own” historic resources, ensure their long-term protection, and control their presentation to the public by way of interpretation centres and traveling exhibits could be highly controversial in the future, both for the Innu and neighbouring ethnic groups” (Armitage & Ashini, 1998, p. 35).
Buckley, R., & Hillingshurst, F., Memorial University of Newfoundland. (Producer), & Earles, J (Directors). (2003). Archaeology and Traditional Knowledge in Labrador [Motion Picture]. Canada: Newfoundland Archaeological Heritage Outreach Program & Distance Education and Learning Technologies. Three Key Words: Archeology, Traditional, Oral History Abstract: The film provides a historical insight into Labrador archeology and the importance of the Innu identity. Labrador has more than 300,000 square kilometers of unspoiled land and rich culture with various historical cultures that have lived here for over 9000 years. Amerindians, Paleo- Eskimos, and Thule Inuit people have settled parts of this enormous region. This film points out that while important histories and cultures are passed down through storytelling and oral history from generation to generation, archeology also plays a vital role in discovering Labrador’s history. In many ways, Archaeology has got a long way in helping the Innu and Inuit communities with education. Such as creating a program named the “Pathways” project which helps native people determine site locations based on their oral histories. In conclusion, storytelling and archaeology are key factors in understanding Labrador’s cultural history and shaping how people today claim the land. This relationship between traditional storytelling and a more scientific approach to history complements each other in such an incredible way. Quotation:
"The joining together of traditional knowledge and archaeological projects is more evident in Labrador communities today than it was in past years.” (00:01:45 - 00:01:55)
McKechnie, I. (2015). Indigenous Oral History and Settlement Archaeology in Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver Island. BC Studies, (187), 193-199, 201-228, 304. Three Key Words: Oral History Abstract: The oral histories of Nuu-chah-nulth on the west coast of Vancouver Island are illustrated in this text. The Indigenous in here has overlapping timelines and conjunctive historical events along with the settlement. The author studied the ages of occupation in neighboring settlements as well as temporal trends that are in these large settlements by comparing the datasets. After that, the author aligns the oral history and information from those datasets of settlement to point out overlapping and complementary patterns that record the development, expansion, and movement of residence patterns in various locations for the past twenty-five hundred years. The author says that the comparison provided additional historical details and the indigenous perspectives on the history of intergenerational settlement between the spatially associated archaeological sites within a contact-era Nuu-chah-nulth local group territory that is along the outer coast of British Columbia. Quotation: "Oral history can be a robust repository for intergenerational knowledge due to its embedded cross-linked narrative chronology and its use of geographically grounded place names and named actors. It is therefore a logical source for archaeological comparison” (McKechnie, 2015, p. 194).
McMillan, A. D., & Yellowhorn, E. (2004). First peoples in Canada. Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre Three Key Words: First Peoples, anthropological, legislations Abstract: The book "First Peoples in Canada” provides everything about aboriginal peoples. The first chapter was written about Aboriginal people throughout Canada and anthropological research of their culture, language, and location. We don't know how many Aboriginal languages were spoken in Canada exactly because some of them disappeared early in the historic period. Moreover, the information on laws, right, and legislations for Indigenous peoples were also provided in this chapter. The last section is about the relationship between anthropologists and Aboriginal peoples and the early study of Aboriginal people. New perspectives are constantly being raised in Anthropology research by Aboriginal Students and scholars, who use pressure to force them to change their culture by making careers bring awareness to the community. Quotation: “Exactly how many Aboriginal languages were spoken in Canada on the verge of the global era will never be known, since some disappeared early in the historic period without ever being recorded.” (pg. 5).
Vincent, S. (2004). Apparent compatibility, real incompatibility: native and western versions of history—the Innu example. In J.R. Clammer, Poirier, S. & Schwimmer, E. (Eds.), Figured Worlds: Ontological Obstacles in Intercultural Relations (pp. 132-47). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Three Key Words: History, Incompatibility, Innu. Abstract: In this text, Vincent pointed out that the history of Canada’s Aboriginal population has been indicated in history textbooks and classes, however, these stories are being told through a more Westernized lens. Vincent’s tone is very serious about how subjective historians are to the history of Canada’s Aboriginals. Each event is told through each historian's interpretation of it. This ability allows historians to avoid certain topics or events that disprove their theories or argue about their discourse. To conclude this text, Indigenous versions of their history need to be in these papers with Western at the same time in order to obtain a comprehensive view of the events. Quotation:
“Even within one and the
same society, historians
accord greater or lesser
importance to event,
themes, and specific
subjects depending on
the era in which they
conducted their research,
their
own ideologies, and the
development of their
methods.” (pg. 134)
“Even within one and the
same society, historians
accord greater or lesser
importance to event,
