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The Legislative and Executive Processes: From Proposal to Law and Presidential Powers, Study notes of Local Government Studies

An overview of the legislative process in the us congress, from the initial proposal stage to the final signing of a bill into law. It also covers the roles and powers of the president in various areas, including foreign policy and economic leadership. Students will gain insights into the intricacies of the political system and the hurdles that proposals must overcome to become laws.

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 03/08/2011

eaglesphanatic92
eaglesphanatic92 🇺🇸

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1. Write an essay explaining the hurdles a proposal must go through before it
becomes a reality.
Bill gets sent to its relative committee ---> transportations committee
Starts at the sub-committee level, sent from higher committee
Happens in both Senate and House
Then, in the House, it goes to the Rules Committee
Schedule legislation, decide when the full House will vote on legislation
Decide a time for debate and amendment process
Goes to the full House and Senate
Majority vote; Senate can slow it with filibusters
If it passes both, goes to Conference Committee
Reconciles differences between House and Senate
After Conference Committee, goes back to full House and Senate
If it passes both again, goes to President
If he signs it, it becomes a law
Second bill needed to appropriate money if money is involved
If he vetoes it, veto can be overridden by a 2/3 vote of both House and Senate
Second bill needed to appropriate money if money is involved
2. What committees do you want to get on and why?
Substance ---> transportation, education, commerce; important to your area
Appropriations ---> in charge of all the money
Rules ---> schedule legislation, decide when to debate and amend legislation
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  1. Write an essay explaining the hurdles a proposal must go through before it becomes a reality.
    • Bill gets sent to its relative committee ---> transportations committee
      • Starts at the sub-committee level, sent from higher committee
      • Happens in both Senate and House
    • Then, in the House, it goes to the Rules Committee
      • Schedule legislation, decide when the full House will vote on legislation
      • Decide a time for debate and amendment process
    • Goes to the full House and Senate
      • Majority vote; Senate can slow it with filibusters
    • If it passes both, goes to Conference Committee
      • Reconciles differences between House and Senate
    • After Conference Committee, goes back to full House and Senate
    • If it passes both again, goes to President
    • If he signs it, it becomes a law
      • Second bill needed to appropriate money if money is involved
    • If he vetoes it, veto can be overridden by a 2/3 vote of both House and Senate
      • Second bill needed to appropriate money if money is involved
  2. What committees do you want to get on and why?
    • Substance ---> transportation, education, commerce; important to your area
    • Appropriations ---> in charge of all the money
    • Rules ---> schedule legislation, decide when to debate and amend legislation
  • Ways and Means ---> all taxation (tax loop holes), social security, health care, welfare, international trade
  • Budget ---> set up plan for revenue and plan for spending
    • Authorization- authorization of money to be spent
    • Appropriation- spending of money
  1. What factors influence how a Congress member can vote?
  • Party, self, district, money, country, and voters
  1. What are the powers of Congress? Current events.
  • Lawmaking ---> Obama's health care bill that is currently going through Congress
  • Money- decides where money goes
  • Oversight- watches implementation of programs
  • Ratify treaties
  • Confirm executive and judicial appointments
  • Agenda setting ---> sets what issues are prevalent and will be discussed
  • Declare war?
  1. What are the different roles of the President? Current events.
  • Head of State ---> at world series, invites championship teams to White House
  • Commander in Chief- top military officer
  • Chief Diplomat- conducts/head of foreign policy
  • Economic Leader ---> expected to fix our bad economy with little tools
  • Agenda Setter- focus on what issues should be addressed
  • Chief Legislator- veto, dictate what legislation looks like
  • Iowa and New hampshire
    • Most important because they are first
  • Primaries and Caucuses
    • Primary- people who vote for favorite candidate
    • Caucus- series of meetings starting at the lowest level
  • Win by majority of delegates at National Party Convention
  • General Election
  • Electoral College
    • 270 of 538
  1. What is the great freedom paradox and what are the different ways we can confront it in the medicine arena?
  • We are the freest people on Earth, and yet we are the least free
  • Very dependent because we live in the age of specialization
  • Control the experts
  • Regulations- Bureaucracy
  • Laws- Congress
  • Don't have time/expertise to pass drug laws
  • Experience
  • Lawsuits
  • The great check
  • Provide deterrence for bad shit
  • Information
  • Labeling
  • FDA
  • Approve drugs
  • Theoretical model
  • Animal testing
  • Human testing
  1. What are the powers of the bureaucracy? Current events.
  • Control information and expertise
  • Decision makers need info to make decisions
  • Administer programs
  • How well they administer programs affects us
  • Discretion
  • How they administer programs
  • Highways- when should they stop for speeding
  • Rule making
  • Most legislation is too vague to get enforced
  • Bureaucracy issues regulations/rules that are like laws
  • Adjudication
  • Using the court system
  • Administrative court system
  • Negotiation/Meditation
  • Negotiates and mediates disputes