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Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
What consists of the gross renal anatomy? - correct answer ✅Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra What is the anatomy of the Nephron? - correct answer ✅Glomerulus. proximal convoluted tubule, descending Loop of Henle, Ascending Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. What are the 3 primary functions of the kidneys? - correct answer ✅Glomerulur Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion True or False: Cells are filtered through the glomerulus? - correct answer ✅False What is the GFR? - correct answer ✅Volume of blood filtered per minute. What does the glomerulus filter? - correct answer ✅The Blood
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
The fluid that is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus travels to where? - correct answer ✅The nephron The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs what? - correct answer ✅Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Water. The proximal convoluted tubule secretes what? - correct answer ✅Hydrogen Ions, Urea, Creatinine, and Uric Acid. What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle? - correct answer ✅To reabsorb water, sodium, and chloride. What is the function of aldosterone in the Distal Convoluted Tubule? - correct answer ✅To increase Sodium re-absorption. Where is aldosterone produced? - correct answer ✅In the adrenal cortex
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
What is the most common urine specimens? - correct answer ✅Random Specimens First morning urine specimens must be examined when? - correct answer ✅Within 1 hour of collection What happens to a urine sample after one hour? - correct answer ✅The bacteria multiplies, false positives for Nitrate, pH becomes alkaline, casts disintegrate, and red cells are lysed. The physical examination of urine includes? - correct answer ✅Color, appearance, odor, and specific gravity. Urine color, correlates with what? - correct answer ✅Concentration Dark yellow urine is ___________________? - correct answer ✅Concentrated
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
Light yellow urine is _______________? - correct answer ✅Diluted What makes urine yellow? - correct answer ✅Urochrome What causes a dark yellow/amber/orange color in urine? - correct answer ✅Concentration, bilirubin, and pyridium What causes urine to be red in color? - correct answer ✅Hemoglobin and red blood cells. What causes urine to be blackish brown? - correct answer ✅Homogentistic Acid Urine appearance may be reported? - correct answer ✅Clear, Hazy, Cloudy, or Turbid What are common causes of hazy, cloudy, or turbid urine specimens? -
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
correct answer ✅Automated method, Reagent strip method, and Refractometer. What is the most common method for determining the specific gravity of urine? - correct answer ✅Automated Method What is the normal range of specific gravity of urine? - correct answer ✅1.003-1. What is the clinical significance of a decreased specific gravity of urine? - correct answer ✅Diabetes insipidus What is the clinical significance of an increased specific gravity of urine? - correct answer ✅Diabetes mellitus and X-ray contrast media What is the specific gravity of a patient suffering from isothenuria?
correct answer ✅About 1.
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
What causes isothenuria? - correct answer ✅Sever renal damage. What does polyuria mean? - correct answer ✅An increased amount of urine production. What does oliguria mean? - correct answer ✅A decreased amount of urine production. What is the normal daily volume of urine production? - correct answer ✅1200-1500 ml/day What are two common causes of polyuria? - correct answer ✅Diabetes insipidus and Diabetes mellitus What are two common causes of oliguria? - correct answer ✅Urinary obstruction and acute renal failure
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
Does normal urine contain glucose? - correct answer ✅No Glucose is often present in the urine of patients with? - correct answer ✅Diabetes mellitus What is the principle for the urine glucose strip test? - correct answer ✅Double enzymatic reaction What enzymes are in the glucose strip test for urine? - correct answer ✅Peroxidase and Glucose oxidase Clinitest should be performed on who? - correct answer ✅Newborns Why should Clinitest be used in a routine analyses of a newborn's urine? - correct answer ✅Because it can detect galactose (as well as other sugars)
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
What are ketones? - correct answer ✅The breakdown products of lipids. Ketones are normally ___________ in urine. - correct answer ✅Absent Ketones may appear in the urine due to? - correct answer ✅Weight loss, Starvation, and diabetes mellitus What is the principle of the reagent strip test for urine Ketones? - correct answer ✅Sodium Nitroprusside Reaction What does the protein reagent strip measure in urine? - correct answer ✅Albumin True or False: Normal urine is free of proteins. - correct answer ✅True What can cause a false positive for proteins in urine? - correct answer ✅An alkaline pH
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
A positive esterase urine test indicates? - correct answer ✅White Blood cells in the urine When are WBCs typically seen in urine? - correct answer ✅During an infection A purple color in the urine esterase test is? - correct answer ✅Positive (WBCs present) What is Bilirubin? - correct answer ✅A breakdown product of hemoglobin degradation. Is urine bilirubin present in pre-hepatic jaundice? - correct answer ✅No Increased amounts of urobilinogen occurs during? - correct answer ✅Pre-hepatic Jaundice
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
Urine bilirubin and urobilinogen increases during what disease state - correct answer ✅Hepatic Jaundice What is an example of post hepatic jaundice? - correct answer ✅Bile duct obstruction Increased urine bilirubin and normal urobilinogen levels indicate? - correct answer ✅Post hepatic Juandice What is the principle for the urine bilirubin reagent strip test? - correct answer ✅The Diazo Reaction What is urine bilirubin broken down to? - correct answer ✅Urobilinogen Where is Uroblininogen produced? - correct answer ✅The intestines (bacteria breaks down Bilirubin)
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
Microscopic examination of urine may reveal? - correct answer ✅Cells, Casts, Crystals, Bacteria, etc What is the normal constituents of urine sediment? - correct answer ✅Less than 2 RBCs/HPF, Less than 3 WBCs/HPF, Less than 2 Hyaline casts/LPH, Less than 1 squamous epithelial cell/HPF, and very rare mucous. What is the presence of red blood cells in urine? - correct answer ✅Hematuria Red blood cells in urine appear? - correct answer ✅To be non-nucleated biconcave disks that are crenated in hypertonic urine or as ghost cells in dilute, hypotonic solution. Hematuria may appear in patients with? - correct answer ✅Urinary tract infections, Acute glomerulonephritis, and renal calculi.
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
A patient with hematuria should have a ______________ occult blood. - correct answer ✅Positive What is the presence of white blood cells in urine called? - correct answer ✅Pyuria Describe the appearance of white blood cells in urine? - correct answer ✅Spherical cells with lobed nucleus and granules which "glitter" in dilute, hypotonic solutions. Pyuria may indicate? - correct answer ✅Urinary tract infections (urethritis, cytitis, and acute pyelonephritis) Pyuria will correlate with a _________________ esterase test? - correct answer ✅Positive Clue cells are indicative of? - correct answer ✅G. vaginalis
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
What is the cause of renal tubular epithelial cells in urine? - correct answer ✅Tubular necrosis, acute pyelonephritis, rejection of a transplant, and acute glomerulonephritis. When are oval fat bodies observed in urine? - correct answer ✅Nephrotic syndrome Describe the appearance of oval fat bodies? - correct answer ✅Highly retractile RTE cells contain fat and form maltese cross under polarized light. When is bacteria in urine clinically significant? - correct answer ✅In the presence of WBCs (indicating an infection) What fungi can be present in urine? - correct answer ✅Budding yeast and branching mycelium. Patients with diabetes mellitus and vaginal yeast infections may have what in their urine? - correct answer ✅Budding yeast cells or mycelium
Fluids Exam Questions And Answers
What are four parasites found in the urine? - correct answer ✅Trichomonas vaginalis, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Schistosoma haematobium. This urine parasite has a pear shaped flagellate? - correct answer ✅Trichomonas vaginalis This urine parasite has a bread shaped ova and results from fecal contamination? - correct answer ✅Enterobius vermicularis This rhabdiform larvae appears in urine contaminated with feces? - correct answer ✅Strongyloides stercoralis This urine parasite is commonly known as a blood fluke? - correct answer ✅Schistosoma haematobium If urine has casts in it, the protein test should be? - correct answer ✅Positive
