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Questions And Answers
Allele - correct answer ✅A copy of a gene; alleles may demonstrate sequence variations that determine variations in the functional characteristics of a translated protein. Molecular Diagnostics - correct answer ✅A field of laboratory medicine in which principles and techniques of molecular biology are applied to the study of disease. Autosome - correct answer ✅A nonsex chromosome with 22 pairs in the human genome Base Pair - correct answer ✅A purine and pyrimdine nucleotide bound by hydrogen bonds; in DNA base pairing, adenine binds to thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, and in RNA base pairing, adenine binds to uracil. central dogma - correct answer ✅transfer of genetic information within a cell.
Questions And Answers
DNA is used as a template for ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis: DNA —» RNA -> Proteins. Centromere - correct answer ✅A primary constriction in a chromosome; centromeres play an important role in directing the movement of chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division. Exonuclease - correct answer ✅a nuclease that releases one nucleotide at a time (serially) beginning at one of a nucleic acid; exonuclease activity excises incorrectly paired nucleotides during replication. Gene - correct answer ✅A unit of DNA that specifies production of proteins and RNA molecules required for cellular function. Genetic Code - correct answer ✅The complete list of nucleotide codons and amino acids or actions they "code" for.
Questions And Answers
Intron - correct answer ✅A noncoding region of a gene, locked between exons, that will not be translated into protein. MicroRNAs - correct answer ✅Short noncoding RNA molecules around 22 nucleotides in length that play a role in regulation of gene expression by interfering with effective translation of mRNA to proteins. Mitochondrial DNA - correct answer ✅The circular DNA within a mitochondrial organelle that codes for polypeptides involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway; this DNA is typically transmitted across generations by maternal inheritance. Nucleases - correct answer ✅Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units.
Questions And Answers
Nucleic Acid - correct answer ✅A polymer made of nucleotide monomers (a sugar moiety, a phosphoric acid, and purine or pyrimidine bases); examples are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleosome - correct answer ✅A unit of chromatin consisting of nucleosome core particles ( 146 base pairs of dsDNA) and linker DNA wound around an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleotide - correct answer ✅A unit of DNA or RNA, consiting of one chemical base (purine or pyrimidine) plus a phosphate molecule and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose or ribose). Phenotype - correct answer ✅observable characteristics of an organism; includes visible features (eye color, height), and chemical and behavioral characteristics; reflects interaction of genes and environment.
Questions And Answers
Replication - correct answer ✅The faithful reproduction of the DNA content from parent to daughter cells during cell division. RNA - correct answer ✅A biological substance similar to DNA with the exceptions of being single stranded, containing ribose as the sugar moiety, having an extra hydroxyl group, and containing uracil instead of thymine; there are different functional types of RNA including messanger RNA (coding) RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and other small noncoding RNA's such as microRNA. Telomere - correct answer ✅The DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome; telomeres contain repetitive nucleotide sequences that protect the ends of chromosomes from recombination with other chromosomes. Transcription - correct answer ✅The process of transferring sequence information from the gene regions of DNA to an RNA message
Questions And Answers
Translation - correct answer ✅The process whereby an mRNA sequence forms an amino acid sequence with the help of tRNA and eventual enzymatic peptide bond formation between amino acids to synthesize polypeptides; translation occurs on cytoplasmic ribosomes. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)/single nucleotide differences
correct answer ✅Genome sequences differ by one nucleotide every 1000-1500 bases Long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINEs) - correct answer ✅Highly repeated sequences 6-8 kbp in length, that contain RNA polymerase promoters and open reading frames related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses Short interspersed nucleotide elements (SINEs) - correct answer ✅0.3 kbp in size, are present in over 1,000, copies per genome
