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What is Mughal Architecture?
Mughal architecture is a distinctive style of architecture that developed and
flourished in the Indian subcontinent during the rule of the Mughal Empire, which
lasted from the early 16th century to the mid-19th century. This architectural style is
known for its grandeur, elegance, and a fusion of various architectural elements from
Persian, Islamic, Indian, and Central Asian traditions. It reached its zenith under the
patronage of Mughal emperors like Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb.
Key features and characteristics of Mughal architecture include:
1. Use of Red Sandstone and Marble: Mughal buildings often featured the use of
red sandstone and white marble. Red sandstone was commonly used for the
construction of the base and walls, while white marble was used for intricate
decorative elements.
2. Large Domes: Mughal architecture is known for its large, bulbous domes that
often crown important structures such as mosques and tombs. The most famous
example is the Taj Mahal.
3. Architectural Symmetry: Mughal buildings are typically characterized by their
symmetrical layouts, with a central focus and balanced proportions. This reflects the
influence of Persian architectural principles.
4. Intricate Carvings and Inlay Work: Mughal architecture is renowned for its
intricate carvings and delicate inlay work using semi-precious stones. These
decorations can be found on walls, ceilings, and various surfaces.
5. Charbagh Garden Layout: Many Mughal structures, especially tombs and
palaces, were surrounded by formal gardens arranged in a four-part, quadripartite
style known as the Charbagh. These gardens were divided into geometric patterns
and often featured fountains and water channels.
6. Mughal Arch: The Mughals introduced a distinctive pointed arch known as the
"Mughal arch" or "ogee arch." This arch style is characterized by its double curvature
and can be seen in various architectural elements.
7. Calligraphy and Inscriptions: Mughal architecture often incorporates intricate
calligraphy, which may include verses from the Quran or praise for the patron of the
building.
